Bestseller Lists Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Smash hit Lists - Assignment Example In the two classes, there is no imposing business model of creators in the main 20. All the more along these lines, creators are either in one classification or the other (Rodgers 11). It infers that no writer writes in the two classifications yet just have some expertise in one kind. Moreover, there is no imposing business model of writers in year 2015 in the consolidated digital books fiction and print. Consistently various books sell at various rates and as such no book is reliably driving the outlines. Fiction books include composing of inventive stories. All things considered, there exist no restraining infrastructure of journalists between the years 1950 to 1959 (U.S Accounting Office, 15). In many years, various creators show up in the best 10 with just few or none that were available in past years. In the true to life class, singular books and writers show up in constant years. The guide for better homes appears to do great as it searches for huge parts somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1959. Between the years 1904 and 1909, Barr McCutcheon is a creator that is continually in the main 10 smash hits (Cader, 16). All the more along these lines, more creators show up normally in the rundown however with various

Causes And Impact Of Global Warming

Causes And Impact Of Global Warming The a dangerous atmospheric devation implies that our plants temperature rises which occurred because of the human exercises and ventures. An Earth-wide temperature boost has become maybe the most entangled issue confronting the world heads so as to ensure the planet and the future .The earth has warmed by about 1Â °F in the course of recent years. Why it is happened The researcher in the previous decades didn't know, however now they realize that the most unmistakable reason being man-made contamination. This contamination happened as a result of the human exercises that produce carbon dioxide or as known ozone harming substance, which traps heat inside the air of the earth and adds to a worldwide temperature alteration which is one more. Enormous piece of the contamination is happened in light of consuming the powers so as to control the inside burning motor vehicles and as we realize that the quantity of the vehicles , coaches , ships the planes are expanding step by step without far reaching elective vitality sources which really increment the consequences for the an Earth-wide temperature boost . Consuming coal to create power just as use it to move the trains is another importance of petroleum products that produce more carbon dioxide. On different hands, the researcher found that the fundamental driver of an Earth-wide temperature boost is the human. The human credited in expanding the carbon dioxide by their ordinary prerequisites, for example, breathing procedure, food, power and transport, however these necessities are expanding step by step, by the expanding in the quantity of the populace that live in our planets. The agribusiness contributes in a worldwide temperature alteration in light of the fact that the ranchers utilize a wide range of sorts of manures and the fertilizer created by steers which produce noticeable wellspring of methane that influence the climate. The a worldwide temperature alteration has numerous entanglements and has a tremendous effects in the earth. It undermined the human life the personal satisfaction in the immediate and backhanded manner. Numerous measurements show that the quantity of ceaseless infections and lung ailments has been increment contrasting and the most recent decades which is related straightforwardly to the an Earth-wide temperature boost. The changing in the food supplies, water and the climate is the roundabout path sway on a worldwide temperature alteration which drives the people to be awkward and undermined about his fundamental needs and prerequisites. So also, the a dangerous atmospheric devation has influenced the other living things, for example, animas plants and the expanding in the temperatures prompt numerous creatures species to lose their environment like polar bears and tropical frogs. The creature movement designs have been sporadic and immensely influenced by changing in the atmosphere. Creature eradication is the most genuine consequence of an Earth-wide temperature boost , According to the Intergovernmental Panel on (IPCC), an expansion in worldwide temperature by 1.5 to 2.5 degrees will make 20 to 30 percent of species defenseless against annihilation, while an ascent of about 3.5 degrees will make 40 to 70 percent species helpless against elimination. Then again, the a dangerous atmospheric devation sway on non living thing. The worldwide reason change on the common territory attributes of the earth, for example, the ocean level to be rise a few meters which prompts cause a considerable lot of the low lying regions to lower submerged and which could dislodge a huge number of individuals. In Maldives, is now beginning to search for another home in view of ocean levels rising .Melting gigantic measure of ice, for example, entire of the Antarctic ice sheet melts may cause the worldwide ocean level is relied upon to ascend by 10.5 meters. Additionally , The acidic downpour and the atmosphere influence the horticulture and the human engineering. The Acidic downpour is come about because of blend of carbon dioxide with the downpour which cause an enormous yield disappointments after some time . Moving the sands and the desert to the living zone is another reason for an Earth-wide temperature boost which for the most part called deforestation particularly in the tropical timberlands for wood, mash, and farmland. These variables has been contributed in 90% possibility that 3 billion individuals worldwide should pick between moving their families to milder climes and going hungry because of environmental change inside 100 years. On account of past effects of the a worldwide temperature alteration , numerous researchers contend about the issue of environmental change , a few was believing that it is a moderate procedure and it need forever and a day to influence straightforwardly the human life and be undermined .Other supposition was an against this conclusion and they consider that they overlook that the elements which cause a dangerous atmospheric devation are quickly rising and on the off chance that we were unable to control it now right now it will be hard to control it later on and they expected that these variables will increase at a quicker rate later on. I feel that we have just harmed our planets , and we may not live to confront the immediate outcomes of an Earth-wide temperature boost , yet it is our obligation to secure our planet now and control our exercises so as to lessen the an unnatural weather change or until the researcher locate an effective , working answer for an Earth-wide temperature boost . It is our obligation to blessing a safty, solid planet for our stupendous fabulous kids and to the group of people yet to come . Likewise it is their entitlement to have a solid safe planet like that is has a place with our granddads . First: how a dangerous atmospheric devation influences the UAE specifically The a dangerous atmospheric devation has been noted in all the nations in the entire world including the UAE . The a dangerous atmospheric devation influences the UAE from multiple points of view . It cause an expansion in the temperature which influence the horticulture and the life under the ocean . As of late , the UAE News was cautioning the individuals from expending some sort of fish since its effectively dead by the wonder of red tides that assaults the UAE sea shores explicitly in Dibba Al Fujairah . This marvels slaughter the fish as well as influence the human in general wellbeing since it cause respiratory disturbance like hacking, wheezing, and tearing when the red tide life form is available along a coast . The a dangerous atmospheric devation likewise cause the desertification where more sand move into living territories and influence the development and transportation of people groups . Desertification may influence the rural yields in light of the fact that the huge amounts of sands covered the harvests plants . Then again , the UAE locales could essentially expand temperatures in view of an unnatural weather change which may influence the travel industry in the UAE and impact the economy. In detail , the UAE economy depend for the most part in the vacationers and the travel industry , so any change or reduction on the all out number of traveler that will cause a diminishing in the budgetary pay and efficient issues . The UAE life , regardless of being a serious little populace , is contributes produce high measure of carbon dioxide which increment the a dangerous atmospheric devation. The insights of the UAE show that the expansion in CO2 discharges is inside the scope of 33% and 35% between 1997 2006 and this precentage may increment in the following years (Energy Information Administration. , 2008). The UAE has one of the most noteworthy carbon impressions on a for every capita ton premise on the planet. Truth be told, four of the most noticeably terrible wrongdoers are from the GCC Qatar, UAE, Bahrain and Kuwait. (A dangerous atmospheric devation could uproot millions in the Middle East , 2008) Second : What should we do here what is the job of the UAE What should the UAE do Because of the high rate carbon dioxide , the UAE governments and individuals ought to coordinate together so as to decrease the result gases and control its effect on the an unnatural weather change . As of late , UAE has become a part in the earth hour and urge individuals to turn off the power for 1 hour so as to decrease carbon dioxide gas which in any event will assist with lessening the effect on the a worldwide temperature alteration . UAE don't see the earth hour as just power shut down, yet they additionally see it as an opportunity to teach the individuals about the an Earth-wide temperature boost and the significance of the participation to take care of this issue , so as we see from last couple weeks , numerous individuals from various age and sex were stress for the mother earth and they include in the earth hour . In 27th of January 2009 , the UAE signs rule building up the International Renewable Energy Agency, IRENA , the reason for this office is to center in sustainable power source is one of the key answers for the present difficulties confronting the universes vitality future and the an Earth-wide temperature boost . Numerous nations are include in IRENA and they cultivate the creation and utilization of sustainable power source through various methodologies. The UAE accept on the significance of vitality as a fundamental driver for the financial development and they believe that sustainable power source is urgent to the universes future wellbeing . The UAE governments propelled the Estidama Program and the Pearls green structure rating framework which would get coordinated into the construction standard and the dispatch of the Emirates Green Buildings Council . The Estidama Program can be considered as a significant advance towards low carbon emanation structures in the UAE which structures assumes a key job in ensuring the earth, lessening vitality utilization and keeping an eye on vitality proficiency . This would assist with improving the vitality use and the water required for cooling properties in the blistering summers. Essentially to Estidama program , the UAE government began to build up the universes greenest city in Abu Dhabi . The legislature began before quite a while to locate an agreeable method to deliver the vitality with least measure of gases , zero waste city, a silicon valley for sustainable power source. Masdar city will be the worldwide home of Renewable Energy .This city centers around the total worth chain of the sustainable power source segment and claims once prepared , it will be a carbon unbiased spot to live where no vehicles will be permitted to enter. Masder is the new spotless future for our people to come and it is the model to urge different urban communities to follow . Masder bolster the human right have confidence later on age rights , so it is special , present day thought . The administration of UAE empower the sustainable power source and accept that it is the future . The sunlight based hydrogen

Do they know where they are going A Literature Review of 14-19 year

Do they know where they are going An of 14-multi year old decisions in Education in Wales - Literature survey Example The Welsh instruction framework since 2004 has understood the significance of the nature of training gave to 14-multi year olds as it is a delicate age and the understudies should be set up for school or the work place. The prepping and instruction that is given at this age will characterize their vocations and ways for the future and hence it is of most extreme significance that they are given abundant chances and appropriate direction. The Welsh Government intends to make 95% of the adolescent (up to age 25) prepared for advanced education or the activity advertise constantly 2015 (Hafren). This survey will concentrate on the choices accessible to the Welsh understudies at this touchy age and how they can enable the understudies to accomplish scholastic just as fundamental abilities. Training for the 14-19 age bunches The action word to instruct is drawn out from the Latin word ‘educare’ which intends to draw out. In this manner, instruction should draw out the conceal ed potential oaf of clear canvases that are kids. The age 14-19 is the most persuasive age and hence it is when understudies can be prepared and refined to create characters and abilities that will empower them to make progress. As per Richard Pring, the present arrangement of training brings about numerous understudies staying undeveloped and neglects to give them the aptitudes important to exceed expectations in advanced education or the activity advertise. He accepts that it is critical to characterize what training implies for these age gatherings and what results should it give. As indicated by him, the multi year olds that the instructive framework should deliver must not exclusively be scholarly however youngsters with different qualities and a profound thought capacity worried about the issues that the world appearances. (Pring) Richard Pring centers around the ‘urgency of debate’ as instruction has underlined uniquely in financial effectiveness and execution ho wever not on key issues and the improvement of the psyche. It concentrates a lot on monetary addition both by those that give training and those that get instruction and excessively not exactly the improvement of the brain and preparing of understudies into scholarly creatures. The consequence of a framework driven by assessments and results has been weakening in the learning experience. From the activity point of view also, the framework doesn't furnish understudies with the necessary relational abilities and preparing that would empower them to prevail on the planet. There has additionally been a component of savage rivalry between organizations instead of a comprehensive and collective mentality bringing about accentuation on projects and results to draw in understudies as opposed to concentrating on giving better training and cooperating than improve the framework. The framework likewise does not have the expert preparing of educators taking into account 14-multi year olds. (Pri ng) Qualifications There are essentially two capability systems accessible to Welsh understudies, additionally perceived in England and Wales. The National Qualifications Framework sets out the degrees of capabilities perceived by England, Ireland and Wales. These capabilities are authorize by the controllers in every one of the three states. The NQF perceives passage level declarations, English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), GCSE, Life Skills, BTEC, NQV, A levels and International Baccalaureate among different others. These capabilities center around scholarly accomplishments and affirmations. (DirectGov, 2009) The

Essay Sample on the American Revolution and the Independence form Great Britain

Paper Sample on the American Revolution and the Independence structure Great Britain America’s choice to announce autonomy structure Great Britain was both due the difference in financial approaches and to the improvement of refining life and freedom. In the wake of driving the French out, with assistance from the Indians and British soldiers, pioneer started to squabble with Parliament’s request of testing the constraints of their capacity in North America. Their control was made troublesome when occupants chose to pirate and blacklist merchandise. In the long run, the settlements opposition and loss of tolerance would lead them straightforwardly to freedom. The Proclamation of 1763 was the first to outrage the settler. So as to guarantee the Indians that pilgrims would not attack ancestral terrains, Britain accentuated homesteader not to grow toward the westbound locale. Soon after, the utilization of writs of help, which permitted customs to look anyplace without the utilized of a warrant, set a significant encroachment upon pilgrim common rights. The Sugar Act (set up simultaneously) was an endeavor to dishearten carrying by bringing down the cost of molasses underneath bootleggers cost. It likewise expressed that fares could just experience British ports before being offered to remote nations. At the point when dealers were blamed for sneaking, they confronted a jury-less preliminary and were frequently sentenced. Violators of the Stamp Act of 1765 additionally confronted a similar when they didn't accepting unique watermarked paper for papers and every single authoritative record. Since the Stamp Act was an interior duty on the stat es, it propelled the principal genuine organized reaction to British burdens. Brutality in the end broke all through the provinces, shaping such pilgrim bunches as the Loyal Nine and the Sons of Liberty to arrange the obstruction and collect the residents in endeavors to pressure Parliament to renounce the demonstration. In light of the mind-boggling dissent of agents (and the constrained clearing of stamp merchants), Britain’s economy was seriously harmed and they had to drop the demonstration. Anyway it was not some time before Parliament pulled on the strings of the pioneer once more. The Quartering Act of 1765 requested provincial congregations to pay for provisions for troops living inside their settlements. The demonstration didn't influence a great part of the states aside from New York. New York at the time had a lot of troops positioned and would not agree to the law. Parliament in returned took steps to invalidate all laws passed by the New York pilgrim council, removing what self-government they had. To stay away from more hardships, New York chose to obey Parliament. At long last, the settlements bit their last lip when a man named Charles Townshend expected the obligations of Britain’s treasurer. Britain’s House of Commons chose to cut their expenses by one-fourth and proposed to compensate for the misfortune by passing the Revenue Act of 1767. Townshend drew an arrangement that put burdens on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea entering the provinces. Despite the fact that it just raised 37,000 pounds, contrast with the 500,000 pound pay cut in the treasury office, Townshend obligations was compelling in stirring political question that had laid latent since the pull back of the Stamp Act. The upheaval was becoming solid and would at long last be built up after an occurrence in Boston in 1770. Due to proceeded with brutality in Massachusetts, British soldiers were gotten towards the finish of 1768 to assuage pressure. Unexpectedly, circumstances deteriorated and the soldiers were very unwelcomed by the pilgrim. The pilgrim felt as though rights were under the attentive gaze of the lord. In 1770 and bothered traditions official shot a multi year-old kid for tossing rocks at his home. In spite of the fact that the soldiers were not answerable for the shooting, they were generally enduring an onslaught for antagonistic vibe toward British force. After the boy’s burial service, brutality ejected outside Boston’s custom office, and after the contention, five settlers were dead. The news spread through the settlements as the Boson Massacre. To chill off the antagonistic vibe of the pilgrim, the Townshend obligations were before long deleted. Regardless of the way that the British were choosing to seek after less disputable strategies, homesteader could not, at this point uncovered the maltreatment of their privileges that Britain stomped all over. They were destined to be majority rule country and were burnt out on supporting a realm revolve around government. Each state joined together and opposed is damaging homeland, making the American Revolution. You can arrange a custom article, research paper, explore paper, proposition or thesis on American Revolution from our expert custom exposition composing administration which gives understudies top notch specially composed papers.

Clinical Supervision Reflection and Action Plan Essay

Clinical Supervision Reflection and Action Plan - Essay Example Different fields have additionally grasped the idea of clinical management with a variety of the equivalent however under an alternate name inside and out. This paper is going to concentrate on the different parts of clinical management. It will start with a short foundation of the idea. A meaning of the idea will be given to reasons for understanding what clinical oversight is about. It will at that point see what occurs in clinical oversight including the different stages included. It will at that point give an impression of the beneficial things that I experienced during clinical management before likewise taking a gander at the awful things in clinical oversight. The paper will at that point take a gander at a portion of the key issues in clinical management sketching out their significance and how to enhance them later on. This will at that point be trailed by a conversation of a portion of the difficulties that I confronted and the systems that I set up to beat them. The paper will finish up clarifying why clinical management is significant in nursing and the distinction that it makes in the whole calling. Clinical management There has been a longstanding suspicion in the clinical field that medical attendants and maternity specialists so far as that is concerned â€Å"learn on the Job† yet in evident sense there have been not very many systems that are set up to guarantee this viewpoint occurs (Bryant, 2010, p. 36 ). Clinical oversight is an angle that was presented path back in the mid 1990’s to depict an orderly structure for proficient improvement for medical attendants and maternity specialists. This idea was viewed as a methods for uniting the part of reflection, improvement, singular duty and responsibility inside a system that offers support and advances safe practices (Gordon, 2000, p. 27). The general goal of acquainting this idea is with have the option to advance safe practice and help in distinguishing the wilful awful practices that are exemplified medical caretakers at the working environment and how these can be dodged in future activities (Bryant, 2010, p. 37 ). The NMC saw the practices by medical attendants as individual duty and in this manner in 1993 they set forward a code that expressed â€Å"As an expert you are by and by responsible for activities and oversights in your training and should consistently have the option to legitimize your decisions.† This demonstrated the part of individual obligation and responsibility (NMC, 2008). The committee later on understood the significance of clinical management as being fundamental to responsible nursing practice and in this way embraced its selection in each part of nursing. Anyway the usage of this viewpoint was basically left to the professionals in the individualized or neighborhood circumstances (Jeremy and Suresh, 2007, p. 412). The gathering despite everything underpins the part of clinical oversight yet accepts that it is better evolved at nearby levels in accordance with the neighborhood needs of the populace (Bryant, 2010, p. 39 ). Clinical management is consequently portrayed as †Å"regular ensured time for encouraged, inside and out reflection on clinical practice planned to empower the supervisee to accomplish, continue and inventively build up a high caliber of training through the methods for centered help and development.† (NCNM, 2008, p. 2) Brunero and Stein-Parbury (2008, p. 87) characterize clinical management as â€Å" a procedure of expert help and learning wherein medical caretakers are helped with building up their training through customary conversation time with experienced and educated colleagues.† It is clear from this that the rule of conversation is utilized in clinical oversight. Conversation or reflection is utilized to help the nurse’s make sense of what occurred in a given circumstance and what

TMI WRT MIT TLAs

TMI WRT MIT TLA’s This was a great day. Take my word for it. What, do you want me to prove it to you? Aww, here goes. Today I ate a grape lollipop that SaveTFP (an ETLA) was handing out in Lobby 7 and I wondered about the rate of grape flavor diffusion into my mouth. Specifically, I wondered how I could best agitate my mouth (using my tongue as an approximate Rushton impeller to dissolve the aromatic flavor compounds in my saliva, assumed to be a Newtonian fluid). I was in the middle of calculating the kLa when I grew impatient and consumed the rest of the lollipop in two swift chomps. Freedom is the best sauce. Then I got the best comment on the 10.213 test I got back today. Sam, please write neater. Its hard to read your hand writing and we want to give you all the points you deserve. Ive gotten a lot of similar comments on my hand writing ever since first grade, but this is by far the most polite and complimentary. Its nice to see the TAs showing me a little TLC. After work, I went over to W20 because LSC, a undergraduate organization that shows second-run movies in stereo for $3 in 26-100, had invited the MIT Marching Band (MMB?) over to play their traditional fanfare before the coming attractions. After rehearsing for about an hour, we went over, stood up in front of the crowd, and played our triumphant eight measures with tremendous gusto but no sousaphone (where were you, Jeff?). As an added perk, the nine of us got the opporunity to see War of the Worlds for freea premium discount on the already low, low price of admission. Well, that sits well with me, if not perhaps the IRS. Sadly, I didnt get to watch a bunch of people send out an SOS or a pre-FUBAR Tom Cruise, because I had already made plans to go over to Nightmarket, an Asian-street-themed festival sponsored bystay with me hereAAA, ATS, and CSC, and also featuring KSA, JAM, VSA, and pretty much any other group of AZNs that managed to get ASA funding. There was no TKD, though. Nightmarket is fantastic. For two dollars, I got a bowl of green beans, a plate of spicy basil chicken, half a scallion pie, two potstickers, and a scoop each of green tea and red bean ice cream. I also got to see a great alternative band and a really, really terrible Nirvana cover band that would have really made me LOL if they werent so sad. I wasnt really paying attention to them, though, because I was busy playing DDR with Javier 08. Earlier in the night, Javier had taken some pictures of Gloria 08 and her performance in Dance Revelasian, which probably never abbreviates itself DRA, but Ill do so anyway just to keep with the theme of the entry. Heres Gloria. I must say, this picture can only capture, at most, one ten-thousandth of the grace that Gloria exhibited during her performances tonight. Her ribbon and fan-twirling seemed nearly effortless, especially given the unseasonable warmth of the evening. Also, there were game booths where you could try your luck for the chance at winning a fortune cookie. Certain fortune cookies were stuffed with redemption slips for fabulous prizes. My suitemate Gabe 08, by playing basketball continuously for 30 minutes won over a dozen stuffed animals, two $25 gift certificates to different restaurants, and $200 worth of hair color and perm gift certificates to the Unique 8 Salon. I just got a fortune that said IHFTP (an FLA?). Therefore this was a great day. QED.

Mrs. Dalloway The Self-characterization and Introspection of Virginia Woolf - Literature Essay Samples

It is neither unique nor uncommon for great authors to weave themselves into the fabric of their own works; it is a technique that adds realism and believability to otherwise complex fictional characters. D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers and James Joyces Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are examples of this occurrence in which the main character is a literarily-conscious version of the author himself. Oftentimes authors will imbue their characters with aspects of their own personalities because such familiar characteristics offer depth and insight to a figures development. However, it is distinctly less common for an author to create a complete portrait of herself spread among several characters, rather than taking on the role of a single central figure. In Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf accomplishes such a feat by separating her own personality among the two characters Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith. These counterparts serve to illustrate the devastating polar e xtremes caused by Woolfs manic depression, yet still remain faithful to the less than 24-hour timeframe of the story. The character of Mrs. Dalloway was not new at the time that she wrote the novel. Both Clarissa and her husband Richard had been introduced in The Voyage Out, published after Woolfs third mental breakdown, and about the same time as the declaration of World War I (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 2 Bloom par. 9). Rather than the sympathetic, deeper and developed characters portrayed in her later novel, the Dalloways were characterized as a pretentious and overbearing husband and his submissive, superficial wife, originally modeled by Woolfs socialite friend Kitty Maxse. However, after the war ended, Woolf published a series of short stories which explored Clarissas character, like Mrs. Dalloway in Bond Street, molding her into a more introspective woman with hints of hidden depressed tendencies (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 2-3). Thus, it appears that Woolf s own mental instability and the end of the war played key roles in the development of Mrs. Dalloways character and Woolfs decision to take her on as part of her own persona. From the very first page, we are thrown into the action of the day Clarissa stating she will buy flowers and fretting over her party. Both actions are seemingly superficial, but with the first sound of the morning, the unhinging of a door, she is drawn almost reclusively into memory of happy times in her youth (Woolf 3). This behavior is repeated throughout the novel; over the course of 24 hours, she can focus on little but her party, despite being frequently and severely interrupted by her own minds recollections and her reflections on them. While it may seem that this behavior is merely normal focus over the day long period, Clarissas intense concentration is a behavior known as hypomania, one of the manic extremes of bipolar disorder, and one that Clarissa and Woolf share (Purse, par. 5-6). Woolf hers elf was known to work on literature for unremitting day-long periods (Ingram par. 16). These hypomanic episodes are often accompanied by feelings of extra creativity and innovation, confidence, and the ability to shirk off major and minor problems that would otherwise be crippling during depressive periods (Purse, par. 5-6). While Woolf used her hypomanic periods to write, Clarissa uses hers to plan for the evenings events. We see her carefully and deliberately arrange the world around her for the festivities. After a moment of feeling rejected over her lack of an invitation to Lady Brutons luncheon, she isolates herself and then decides to mend her dress, an indirect instance of creativity employed to cope with a feeling that might otherwise lead to a devastating episode (Woolf 29-30). Nevertheless, depressive tendencies are never completely absent during these periods, and sufferers may still experience feelings of helplessness, regret, and uninhibited behavior, all of which C larissa displays (Purse, par. 5-6). We learn that she no longer takes pleasure in the things she once enjoyed. She is also profoundly lacking in the confidence of her own education, yet she is much more capable than she believes: How she had got through life on the few twigs of knowledge FrÃÆ'Â ¤ulein Daniels gave them she could not think. She knew nothing; no language, no history; she scarcely read a book now, except memoirs in bed (Woolf 8). Similarly, Woolf was an extremely bright child who benefited from her distinguished fathers library, but she herself was denied the education provided to her brothers (Cameron, About Virginia Woolf par. 1). We begin to see more depth in the feelings that Clarissa experiences after she isolates herself from the world in the tower of her remote bedroom (Woolf 31). We learn that the relationship between her and her husband is not one of passion or physical romance, much like the reported relationship between Virginia Woolf and her husband. There is certainly love and cooperation, but not a passionate romance. Clarissa is ill and sleeps alone, but has no cold feelings toward him. She sometimes feels distanced by his conservative politics and social status, but there is nevertheless a type of partnership. Moreover, her need to temporarily rest that afternoon is partially due to a heart condition, which was, according to Woolfs diaries, one shared by the author who suffered from palpitations and migraines, among other maladies (Ingram par. 8). In her room, Clarissa instead recalls a time in her past when her childhood friend Sally Seton kissed her, and it was the first (and possibly only) moment of passionate physical contact for Clarissa. She thinks back, The strange thing, on looking back, was the purity, the integrity, of her feeling for Sally. It was not like ones feeling for a man (Woolf 34) and Sally stopped; picked a flower; kissed her on the lips. The whole world might have turned upside down! (Woolf 35) T his is clearly a parallel between the protagonist and Woolf, who may have had romantic relationships with Madge Vaughan (on whom Sally is based) and later her publisher Vita Sackville-West (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 3 Bloom par. 17). Clarissa is drawn to the brash and free-spirited Sally, and given that Clarissa and Virginia both grew up in Victorian England, such a relationship was taboo, and thus may be (within that social context) categorized as impulsive, manic-depressive behavior (Purse par. 7). But Clarissa offers only partial insight sum psyche of the author. She is offset by Septimus Warren Smith, who also undergoes dramatic changes in the post-war era. Septimus, like Woolf, held great appreciation for literary works. Prior to the war he was a scholar of Shakespeare and other classics (as we find through his and Rezias memories), and represents the intellectual side of the author before being destroyed by mental illness (Woolf 85). When he goes to war, however, he is faced with the death of his dear friend, Evans, and believes he simply does not feel the pain of the loss. In reality, he has lost his ability to feel anything, and begins his decent into madness. Similarly, the death of Julia Stephen marked Woolfs first mental breakdown, followed by another breakdown and suicide attempt (by jumping out a window) after the death of her father (Bloom par. 2 5). Though Septimus only makes a few appearances in the book, his role is crucial to filling in the darker depressive and insane spaces of Woolfs personality that are not covered by the hypomanic and functional side portrayed by Clarissa Dalloway. The first thoughts of his wife Rezia are that of a deeply saddened and overwhelmingly frustrated and embarrassed woman whose husband has been taken away by madness. She steps away from her delusional husband who is babbling to the dead Evans, and becomes bitter. Lucrezia Warren Smith was saying to herself, Its wicked; why should I suffer? s he was asking, as she walked down the broad path. No; I cant stand it any longer, she was saying, having left Septimus, who wasnt Septimus any longer, to say hard, cruel, wicked things, to talk to himself, to talk to a dead man, on the seat over there (Woolf 65). The feelings projected on Rezia are most likely the same feelings that Woolf believed her husband may have experienced when she suffered a breakdown (characterized too, by depression, delusions and hearing voices) shortly after their marriage (Bloom par. 9). Much of the Warren Smith marriage in fact parallels that of Woolf and her husband, beginning with both Septimus and Woolf marrying out of a need for stability during wartime. Clearly the war played a central role in both marriages: Septimus married an Italian woman (not his love) in order to restore normalcy to his life, whereas Woolf and her husband married shortly before the war, but were deeply affected by it and later swore a suicide pact prior to WWII that they w ould both kill themselves if the Nazis invaded England (Cameron, About Virginia Woolf par. 6). Like Septimus, Woolf also suffered from disturbing mental neuroses, none of which were properly diagnosed by any doctors (Ingram par. 8). In the novel, the doctors tell Rezia that there is no diagnosis for his behavior that he simply needs to be kept busy. Faithfully, Rezia does just that by taking him for walks, and trying to keep his mind and body occupied despite her desperate desire to get out of the marriage. Like Rezia, Woolfs husband tried to deal with his wifes madness in the same way her doctors recommended, and in 1917, they purchased a second-hand printing press and started the Hogarth Press (Bloom par. 10). Like her literary counterparts though, the press only temporarily offered relief, and generally fostered manic episodes of mental occupation followed by intense depressive swings, much like Septimuss final episode prior to his death. It is this final episode that begi ns to draw Clarissa and Septimus together. In an instant of clarity, Septimus becomes functional. Like the more characteristic behavior of Clarissa, he displays joyful, creative abilities: For the first time for days he was speaking as he used to do! He took it out of her hands. He said it was an organ grinders monkeys hat. How it rejoiced her that! Not for weeks had they laughed like this together, poking fun privately like married people (Woolf 143). Such an episode is described as the old, normal self for Septimus, though shortly thereafter he jumps out a window to his death. Even though he did not want to die, his normal or functional period was obviously followed by a state of decreased inhibition. Thus, this episode may be another manifestation of the manic state, denoted by temporary clarity and elation, shared by the author (Purse, par. 7). What is particularly important to both Septimuss and Clarissas characters is that Woolf had originally planned to have Clarissa co mmit suicide in the end, but decided instead to create another character, Septimus Warren Smith to take the fall instead (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 4). This splitting is significant because it serves to allow the story to believably take place over the course of 24 hours, as well as give Woolf an opportunity to have the central character reflect upon the death and learn from it, rather than simply experience it. Septimus realizes there is no escape from madness; the doctors cannot help him, and all that is left is a future of personal torture and agonizing pain for his beloved caretaker, his wife. He pauses at the windowsill, But he would wait until the very last moment. He did not want to die. Life was good (Woolf 149). Thus Septimuss end is not meant to be seen as a release, but as the only unfortunate solution to incurable madness. When Woolf herself finally ended her life, she wrote in her suicide note:I feel certain that I am going mad again: I feel we cant go thro ugh another of those terrible times. And I shant recover this time. I begin to hear voices, and cant concentrate. So I am doing what seems the best thing to do. You have given me the greatest possible happiness I cant fight it any longer, I know that I am spoiling your life, that without me you could work (Grohol par. 4).For Clarissa, the final pages of the story allow her to realize the importance of her parties through the loss of life. Her parties are not superficial socialite activities, but something much deeper, something the author herself wishes to have: togetherness. Even in his most deranged states, Septimus cries out for communion and companionship: Communication is health; communication is happiness, communication he muttered (Woolf 93). Woolf wrote in her diaries that insanity was complete and total isolation (Grohol par. 2), and isolation, according to her essay Death of a Moth, was death. Consequently, Clarissas parties represent the bringing together of lives, th us creating life through togetherness and combating the isolation of insanity. In one sense, Woolf departs from both Septimus and Clarissa at this point, because the period between when Septimus commits suicide and when Clarissa realizes the importance of her social gatherings is a fork in the road for Woolf. One character lives and accepts the deeper hidden pain in her life, while the other ends it all because there is no alternative escape from the madness. Works CitedWoolf, Virginia S. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt, Inc., 1981What is Bipolar Disorder? About.com. 2005. About by Yahoo!. 23 April 2005 Peterson, Cameron. ClassicNotes: About Mrs. Dalloway GradeSaver.com. 4 July 2001. GradeSaver. 23 April 2005 .Bloom, Harold. Virginia Woolf Chronology VWW.com. 2005. Virginia Woolf Web. 23 April 2005Ingram, Malcom. Virginia Woolfs Psychiatric History Ourworld.com. March 2005. Malcom Ingrams Homepage. 23 April 2005Peterson, Cameron. About Virginia Woolf. GradeSaver.com. 4 July 2001. GradeSaver. 24 April 2005 .Grohol, John M. Virginia Woolf. Psychcentral.com. 2005. Psych Central. 24 April 2005

A Dolls House Critical Analysis - 1477 Words

In Henrik Ibsen’s controversial play, A Doll’s House, the audience witnesses Nora Helmer, a Norwegian housewife, struggle to hide a secret financial transaction from her husband, Torvald Helmer. At the conclusion of the play, Nora decides to leave Torvald and her children in order to find self-fulfillment. Throughout the play, Henrik Ibsen offers vivid criticism on the social expectations imposed upon women in Victorian-era society. Ibsen communicates this central message of the play by utilizing Nora’s dynamic character to demonstrate the necessity of freedom from societal bondage. In particular, Ibsen uses the macaroons and the tarantella dance throughout the play to provide greater depth to Nora’s character by presenting contrasting†¦show more content†¦In this context, the macaroons are symbolic of the many desires that Nora is forced to suppress due to Torvald’s wishes. The act of lying demonstrates Nora’s defiance of Torvald so that she may have what she desires, an act which is both thematically and symbolically important. Thus, having established a major element of the play’s plot, Ibsen further develops Nora’s character by later using the macaroons to express Nora’s cunningly nature. When Mrs. Linde and Dr. Rank arrives at the household, the latter is startled by the presence of the macaroons. He exclaims that, â€Å"Macaroons? Now, now! I thought they were forbidden here!† (Ibsen 166), to which Nora responds by stating that, â€Å"[T]hese are some that Kristina gave me.† (Ibsen 166). This obvious lie, apparent earlier in the play, shows the manner in which Nora deflects the accusation from herself to Mrs. Linde. The manner in which Nora reacts to Dr. Rank indicates the habitual nature of her lies. Throughout these parts of the plays, the macaroons serve show the rationale behind Nora’s lies as she attempts to gain access to this forbidden food. This closely parallels Nora’s rationale throughout the rest of the play as she attempts to hide her lies reg arding the secret loan she took from Niels Krogstad and her forged signature. The macaroons serve throughout the play as symbols of Nora’s childlike nature and her habitual lies, both done with the intention of accessing a forbiddenShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of a Doll House1250 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen s background provided him the insight to write the play A Doll House. In Britannica Biographies, Ibsen s father lost his business and the family s financial stability when Ibsen was a young child. Because of the family s financial misfortunes, at the age of 15, Ibsen was forced to leave home and venture out on his own. He supported himself meagerly as an apothecary s apprentice and studied at night to prepare for universityRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Dolls House1740 Words   |  7 PagesIbsen (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (1829-1906). Though his plays suggest otherwise, Ibsen revered the state of marriage, believing that it was possible for two people to travel through life as perfect, happy equals. A Doll s House is a three act play about a seemingly typical housewife who becomes disillusioned and dissatisfied with her condescending husband. Act One:Setting: It is important to note that the whole play takes place in one room and that until the last actRead MoreCritical Analysis Of A Dolls House1731 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"A Dolls House† A Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen first published â€Å"A doll’s house â€Å" in 1879. In this play Ibsen distinguished the state of marriage, believing that it was possible for two people to travel through life as perfect, happy equals. A Doll s House is a three act play about a seemingly typical housewife who becomes disillusioned and dissatisfied with her superior husband. In the first act the setting was important toRead MoreA Doll House : A Play From Different Perspectives1557 Words   |  7 PagesSean Walsh Literary Perspectives Research Essay A Doll House: A Play from Different Perspectives When A Doll House was first produced Ibsen successfully shocked and angered many who went to go see it. However if you google A Doll House today you’ll find many article’s praising it for its feminist themes. When looking at reviews for A Doll House after its first production I find no mention of feminism but rather many called it untrue and one even called the third act â€Å"it’s Achilles heel†(AvisRead MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Critics Opinion of a Dolls House1743 Words   |  7 PagesDestiny Maxfield Mrs. Collar Engl. 1302 19 November 2012 A Critic’s Opinion of A Doll’s House In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House many views could be seen from both sides of the gender world. Critics will argue about the true meaning of the story and why Ibsen wrote the story. The main points of the play that critics discuss are sexuality i.e. feminism, the wrong doing of the father figure, and spiritual revolution. I believe these critics are each right in their own way from my understanding of theRead MoreA Dolls House -H.Ibsen ,Critical Analysis1554 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Subject : Drama B Writer : Henrik Johan Ibsen Genre : Realistic Modern Drama Name of the Work / Play : A Doll’s House ( 1897 ) in three acts Characters : Major Characters / Minor Characters Nora Helmer ( wife of Torvald Helmer ,mother of three children ) Torvald Helmer( husband of Nora Helmer , a lawyer ,father of three children ) Dr. Rank ( doctor ,friend of Nora Torvald Helmer, confidant ,commentator ) Mrs. Kristine Linde ( old friend of Nora Helmer ) Nils Krogstad ( barristerRead MoreAnalysis of Acting and Directing in The Crucible Essay636 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Acting and Directing in The Crucible I saw the play The Crucible and there were examples of styles of directing and acting that were very interesting. The production was put on by the University of Arizona’s theatre department and as such the directing and acting had its good points and its bad ones. There was one scene in particular that appeared to be very well directed. Act two takes place in the common room of the Proctor’s house about a week after the initial scene in theRead More A Comparison of Realism in Uncle Vanya and A Dolls House Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesRealism in Uncle Vanya and A Dolls House      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A play serves as the authors tool for critiquing society. One rarely encounters the ability to transcend accepted social beliefs. These plays reflect controversial issues that the audience can relate to because they interact in the same situations every day. As late nineteenth century playwrights point out the flaws of mankind they also provide an answer to the controversy. Unknowingly the hero or heroine solves the problem at the end of theRead More Essay on Lies and Self-realization in A Dolls House1162 Words   |  5 Pagesin A Dolls House    In Ibsens play,   A Dolls House,   the characters willingly exist in a situation of untruth or inadequate truth that conceals conflict.   Noras independent nature is in contradiction to the tyrannical authority of Torvald.   This conflict is concealed by the way they both hide their true selves from society, each other, and ultimately themselves.   Just like Nora and Torvald, every character in this play is trapped in a situation of untruth. A Dolls House, can be misinterpreted

Degrees of Freedom in Statistics and Mathematics

In statistics, the degrees of freedom are used to define the number of independent quantities that can be assigned to a statistical distribution. This number typically refers to a positive whole number that indicates the lack of restrictions on a persons ability to calculate missing factors from statistical problems. Degrees of freedom act as variables in the final calculation of a statistic and are used to determine the outcome of different scenarios in a system, and in math degrees of freedom define the number of dimensions in a domain that is needed to determine the full vector. To illustrate the concept of a degree of freedom, we will look at a basic calculation concerning the sample mean, and to find the mean of a list of data, we add all of the data and divide by the total number of values. An Illustration with a Sample Mean For a moment suppose that we know the mean of a data set is 25 and that the values in this set are 20, 10, 50, and one unknown number. The formula for a sample mean gives us the equation (20 10 50 x)/4 25, where x denotes the unknown, using some basic algebra, one can then determine that the missing number,  x, is equal to 20. Lets alter this scenario slightly. Again we suppose that we know the mean of a data set is 25. However, this time the values in the data set are 20, 10, and two unknown values. These unknowns could be different, so we use two different variables, x, and y,  to denote this. The resulting equation is (20 10 x y)/4 25. With some algebra, we obtain y 70- x. The formula is written in this form to show that once we choose a value for x, the value for y is completely determined. We have one choice to make, and this shows that there is one degree of freedom. Now well look at a sample size of one hundred. If we know that the mean of this sample data is 20, but do not know the values of any of the data, then there are 99 degrees of freedom. All values must add up to a total of 20 x 100 2000. Once we have the values of 99 elements in the data set, then the last one has been determined. Student t-score and Chi-Square Distribution Degrees of freedom play an important role when using the Student t-score table. There are actually several t-score distributions. We differentiate between these distributions by use of degrees of freedom. Here the probability distribution that we use depends upon the size of our sample. If our sample size is n, then the number of degrees of freedom is n-1. For instance, a sample size of 22 would require us to use the row of the t-score table with 21 degrees of freedom. The use of a chi-square distribution also requires the use of degrees of freedom. Here, in an identical manner as with the t-score  distribution, the sample size determines which distribution to use. If the sample size is n, then there are n-1 degrees of freedom. Standard Deviation and Advanced Techniques Another place where degrees of freedom show up is in the formula for the standard deviation. This occurrence is not as overt, but we can see it if we know where to look. To find a standard deviation we are looking for the average deviation from the mean. However, after subtracting the mean from each data value and squaring the differences, we end up dividing by n-1 rather than n as we might expect. The presence of the n-1 comes from the number of degrees of freedom. Since the n data values and the sample mean are being used in the formula, there are n-1 degrees of freedom. More advanced statistical techniques use more complicated ways of counting the degrees of freedom. When calculating the test statistic for two means with independent samples of n1 and n2 elements, the number of degrees of freedom has quite a complicated formula. It can be estimated by using the smaller of n1-1 and n2-1 Another example of a different way to count the degrees of freedom comes with an F test. In conducting an F test we have k samples each of size n—the degrees of freedom in the numerator is k-1 and in the denominator is k(n-1).

Lake Effect Snow What Is It

Lake effect snow (LES) is a local weather event that occurs when a cold air mass passes across an expanse of warm water creating convective snow bands. The phrase lake effect refers to a body of waters role in providing moisture to air that would otherwise be too dry to support snowfall. Lake Effect Snow Ingredients To grow a snowstorm, you need moisture, lift, and below-freezing temperatures. But for lake effect snow to occur, these special conditions are also required: A lake or bay of 100 km wide, or larger. (The longer the lake, the greater the distance the air must travel over it, and the greater the convection.)An unfrozen water surface. (If the water surface is frozen, the passing air is unable to pick up a little moisture from it.)A lake/land temperature difference of at least 23  °F (13  °C). (The greater this difference, the more moisture the air will take in and the heavier the LES.)Light winds. (If winds are too strong, say over 30 mph, it limits the amount of moisture that can evaporate from the waters surface into the air above.)    Lake Effect Snow Setup Lake effect snow is most common over the Great Lakes region from November to February. It often forms when low-pressure centers pass near the Great Lakes regions, opening the way for cold, arctic air to rush southward into the U.S. out of Canada. Steps to Lake Effect Snow Formation Heres a step-by-step explanation of how cold, Arctic air interacts with warm bodies of water to create lake effect snow. As you read through each, look at this LES diagram from NASA to help visualize the process. Below-freezing air moves across the warm lake (or body of water). Some of the lake water evaporates into the cold air. The cold air warms and picks up moisture, becoming more humid.As the cold air warms, it becomes less dense and rises.As air rises, it cools. (Cooler, moist air has the ability to form clouds and precipitation.)As the air moves some distance over the lake, moisture inside of the cooler air condenses and forms clouds. Snow may fall -- lake effect snow!As the air reaches the shoreline, it piles up (this happens because air moves more slowly over land than over water due to increased friction). This, in turn, causes additional lifting.Hills on the lee side (downwind side) of the lakeshore force air upward. The air cools further, encouraging cloud formation and greater snowfall.Moisture, in the form of heavy snow, is dumped on the south and east shores. Multi-Band vs. Single-Band Two types of lake effect snow events exist, single-band and multiband. Multi-band LES events occur when the clouds line up lengthwise, or in rolls, with the prevailing wind. This tends to happen when the fetch (the distance air must travel from the upwind side of the lake to the downwind side) is shorter. Multiband events are common to Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron.   Single-band events are the more severe of the two, and occur when winds blow cold air along the entire length of the lake. This longer fetch allows more warmth and moisture to be added to the air as it crosses the lake, resulting in stronger lake effect snow bands. Their bands can be so intense, they can even support thundersnow. Single-band events are common to Lakes Erie and Ontario. Lake Effect vs. Ordinary Snow Storms There are two main differences between lake effect snowstorms and winter (low pressure) snowstorms: (1) LES are not caused by low-pressure systems, and (2) theyre localized snow events. As a cold, dry air mass moves over the Great Lakes regions, the air picks up lots of moisture from the Great Lakes. This saturated air later dumps its water content (in the form of snow, of course!) over areas surrounding the lakes. While a winter storm may last a few hours to a few days on and off and impact several states and regions, lake effect snow will often produce snow continuously for up to 48 hours over a particular area. Lake effect snows can precipitate as much as 76 inches (193 cm) of light density snow in 24 hours with fall rates as high as 6 inches (15 cm) per hour! Because winds accompanying arctic air masses generally originate from a southwest to northwest direction, lake effect snow typically falls on the east or southeast sides of the lakes. Only A Great Lakes Event? Lake effect snow can happen wherever the conditions are right, it just so happens that there are few locations that experience all the needed ingredients. In fact, lake effect snow only occurs in three places worldwide: the Great Lakes region of North America, the east shore of Hudson Bay, and along the west coast of the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. Edited by Tiffany Means Resource: Lake Effect Snow: Teaching Great Lakes Science. NOAA Michigan Sea Grant.   miseagrant.umich.edu

Northern Napa Valley Winery Essay - 1827 Words

NORTHERN NAPA VALLEY WINERY Period Month-Year Sales MA CMA Snl Factor Ad trend est Snl Inx Forecast 1 Jan-88 6,632 7414.480161 0.895433355 6639.172848 2 Feb-88 6,534 7495.930161 0.855674227 6414.07425 3 Mar-88 6,675 7577.380161 0.915057445 6933.738129 4 Apr-88 6,692 7658.830161 0.924270145 7078.828067 5 May-88 6,984 7740.280161 0.942241926 7293.21649 6 Jun-88 7,133 7821.730161 0.938433481 7340.173459 7 Jul-88 6,385 7,727 0.826274271 7903.180161 0.887321174 7012.659097 8 Aug-88 7,364 7,760 0.948999646 7984.630161 0.732715692 5850.463814 9 Sep-88 7,171 7,816 0.917432953 8066.080161 0.960270745 7745.620807 10 Oct-88 8,690 7,906 1.09918257 8147.530161 1.09169761 8894.639202 11 Nov-88 10,299†¦show more content†¦2 9532.180161 0.915057445 8722.492422 28 Apr-90 8,820 9,101 9,505 0.927912329 9613.630161 0.924270145 8885.591347 29 May-90 9,313 9,168 9,608 0.969321641 9695.080161 0.942241926 9135.111008 30 Jun-90 9,419 9,288 9,717 0.969303004 9776.530161 0.938433481 9174.623227 31 Jul-90 8,700 9,362 9,910 0.877871582 9857.980161 0.887321174 8747.194527 32 Aug-90 6,960 9,399 10,067 0.691347805 9939.430161 0.732715692 7282.776449 33 Sep-90 9,091 9,446 10,110 0.899253178 10020.88016 0.960270745 9622.75806 34 Oct-90 10,933 9,565 10,192 1.072708467 10102.33016 1.09169761 11028.68969 35 Nov-90 13,117 9,651 10,315 1.271663785 10183.78016 1.337830958 13624.17637 36 Dec-90 15,337 9,784 10,418 1.472122349 10265.23016 1.5378799 15786.69114 37 Jan-91 11,267 10,037 10,514 1.071644275 10346.68016 0.895433355 9264.762532 38 Feb-91 8,889 10,098 10,588 0.839548538 10428.13016 0.855674227 8923.08222 39 Mar-91 9,612 10,122 10,698 0.898510195 10509.58016 0.915057445 9616.869569 40 Apr-91 10,511 10,262 10,814 0.971969531 10591.03016 0.924270145 9788.972988 41 May-91 10,571 10,367 10,926 0.967545593 10672.48016 0.942241926 10056.05827 42 Jun-91 10,644 10,469 11,089 0.959844895 10753.93016 0.938433481 10091.84811 43 Jul-91 9,766 10,558 11,127 0.877671764 10835.38016 0.887321174 9614.462243 44 Aug-91 7,672 10,618 11,157 0.687670865 10916.83016 0.732715692 7998.932766 45 Sep-91 11,016 10,778 11,282 0.976397378 10998.28016 0.960270745 10561.32669 46 Oct-91 11,802 10,850Show MoreRelatedWhat Sets Napa Valley Apart1281 Words   |  6 PagesCalifornia’s wine regions parallel in their respective histories. 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However, the smaller cities in Northern California practically get no say and are â€Å"underrepresented in the state legislature and ignored by California’s urban centers†, according to one the New York Daily News writer, Sarah Goodyear. This underre presentation has affected Northern California cities in multiple

The Negative Effects of the Fast Food French-Fries Production and Distribution Process Free Essays

Hamburger, soda, and french-fries: This fast food combo is the most powerful trinity in everyday American food. People are attracted to its reasonable price, taste, and convenience. Although most people are still not aware of the issues caused by the production and distribution process of this new age food, the problems are increasingly debated because of the severe repercussions that need to be acknowledged. We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of the Fast Food French-Fries Production and Distribution Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, the over used containers abuse natural resources, the production of burger meat is known as animal cruelty, and greasy ingredients are accused of a cause of obesity and many illnesses. More importantly, one of the most popular but simple part of fast food, French-Fries, has many harmful effects on the environment, animals, and humans. First of all, French-Fries production has harmful effects on the environment. For example, irrigation of potatoes and other crops from the Snake River causes a drought directly below Milner Dam, located west of Pocatello. The use of fertilizers and pesticides, which gives potatoes their equal shape, contaminates tributaries. When potatoes are harvested and shipped with other ingredients, a great deal of fuel is exhausted, creating smog or air pollution. In addition, freezing the potato slices uses ten times more electrical energy than fresh food. This process worsens the greenhouse effect because hydro fluorocarbon coolant, which is used for freezing potato, rises up into the stratosphere and traps heat. Processing potatoes is another factor in pollution of natural water. Because two thirds of a gallon of wastewater is lost during the process, the contaminated liquid pollutes ground water. Furthermore, ketchup, the French-Fry’s condiment, is packed inside of aluminum and plastic which are non-biodegradable and pollute the land and ocean, adding more negative effects to french-fries. In addition to the cause of unbalanced nature by French-Fries, a second impact appears in animal habitation. Water is an indispensable resource for all creatures, but cultivation of crops dominates the Snake River by construction of reservoirs and irrigation canals. Therefore, eighty percent of indigenous habitat disappeared from its streamside. Simultaneously, the installation of dams impedes migration of sturgeon and reproduction of salmon because dams block their traffic between the ocean and river. Eventually, sturgeons disappeared from all but three sections, and salmon will follow similar path. Also, the chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides, such as TeloneII and nitrogen, result in hazardous effects on mammals and aquatic life. French-Fries production harms environment and animals; however, there is another negative effect to humans. First, the producer’s profit shrinks because the cost of fertilizers, electricity for freezers, fuel for harvest, and shipping are high. Moreover, farmers will struggle to find water for potato cultivation because the use of fertilizers and pesticides contaminate all the tributaries, including Snake River. The Process of potatoes also creates wastewater, which contains dissolved organic matter and nitrogen, and it sinks underground by rain. Therefore, when it enters in drinking water, some babies develop a fatal illness, â€Å"Blue Baby Syndrome, especially in the Tri-Cities area of southeastern Washington. Spending a few dollars for French-Fries has added a greater cost that damages the earth’s environment, animals, and our future. The production of French-Fries is harmful due to the abuse of water, electricity, fertilizers, pesticides, hydro fluorocarbon coolant, fuel, and other factors. Humans are involved in this vicious spiral because our world is connected, and need to make the effort to correct it. In my opinion, we should continue to produce potato products, but create alternative methods, such as individual agriculture, that can stop abusing our natural resources. How to cite The Negative Effects of the Fast Food French-Fries Production and Distribution Process, Essays

My version of An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

My version of An Inspector Calls Essay I chose Ricky Gervais character David Brent to play Arthur Birling because he is self centered and thinks of himself before others. Arthur is very vocal and uses body language a lot to accompany his arguing. He should talk louder and lower than everyone else to appear manlier and in control of the situation. When he talks to the Inspector he should stand up as to try and assert his authority. Birling is said to be pompous and this could be portrayed if he used long words and didnt use slang words like squiffy as earlier used by Sheila. Birlings clothes should be very smart and expensive as he thinks of himself to be an upper class member of Brumleys society. The scene I have chosen to direct is Act 3 and the scene where Gerald rings up the infirmary to ask about Evas death. I have chosen this scene because it shows Geralds and Birlings quick transition from unhappy and nervous to happy and jovial. The scene starts with Sheila saying that the Inspector showed her a photograph but not letting anyone else see it. This would create some suspicion and Gerald points out to Mrs Birling and Sheila that theres still no proof it was really the same girl. Birling backs Gerald up as he knows that if Gerald is right then he is off the hook. I would tell Gerald to take up the role of the Inspector with the same attitude, trying to get to the point. For this scene he questions everyone about what the Inspector asked them until he would come to the conclusion of ringing up the Infirmary and asking if Eva is there. As he is on the phone he should walk around nervously, looking over to the Birlings whilst listening to the Infirmary employee. It turns out that there is no Eva Smith there and they hadnt had a suicide for months. This is the important part of the scene as everybody would breathe a huge sign of relief because they think that they are out of trouble. Then Birling would start saying how he had his suspicions all along and that a real Inspector would not talk to the upper class the same why Goole did. I think this is a good scene because before making the phone call, both Gerald and Birling are nervous and are not very happy about the goings on, but once Gerald comes off the phone they both totally change and are happy, not because Eva is supposedly alive but because they are no longer in hot water. I would advise Birling to change back to his usual pompous self and start to talk about his knighthood again to show that he wasnt really worried about Eva at all. However, Gerald would not be as jovial as at the start of the play because the Inspector exposed his affair which caused the marriage to be called off. But, right at the end of the scene, they receive a phone call which Birling answers as the other wait nervously. Birling then comes off the phone and tells everyone else that That was the police. A girl has just died on her way to the Infirmary after swallowing some disinfectant. And a police inspector is on his way here to ask some questions. This is a brilliant way to end the scene because it confuses the audience and then makes them think Who was the Inspector and how did he know all this was going to happen? In conclusion, I think that Birling is much more of a selfish Capitalist then I first imagined. He even disregards certain members of his family to concentrate on his business. Directing this as a play would be very hard as you would have to keep the action as interesting as possible because there is nothing else to focus on. .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 , .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .postImageUrl , .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 , .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668:hover , .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668:visited , .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668:active { border:0!important; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668:active , .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668 .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf59e7133058336bfc7b311923fc01668:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet Essay PaperGerald is also more selfish than he first appeared to be and I have found that he would rather have a week long relationship with a girl that he hardly knew than spend time with his fianci e. I think J. B Priestly was trying to say to all the readers that Capitalism is not the right way to think and that if you believe that its every man for himself then people get hurt in the process of your success. Priestly hated hard nosed businessmen and embodied one in Birlings character. Birling is the character the audience were supposed to dislike to perhaps Priestly was trying to make the audience realize that Socialism is the way to go and that the little you hear about Evas character shows her to be the nicest person out of everyone. She was supposed to be shown as a Socialist victim of a Capitalist family. The Birlings selfishness had driven Eva to take her own life. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE J. B. Priestley section.

Redbox free essay sample

Executive Summary This analysis will examine the business model and financial position of Coinstars subsidiary company, Redbox. It will focus on the current and expected future situation, as well as provide recommendations for the critical challenges of continued growth of the company’s market share in the DVD rental business. The DVD rental industry is rapidly changing due to the continuing advancement in developing video technology. For that reason, the recommendations include both the continue development and expansion of DVD rental kiosks as well as developing a web based service to continue to compete in the highly competitive movie rental industry. The recommended actions are as follows: * Increase the number and distribution of DVD rental kiosks through creating strategic partnerships * Develop a web-based service to offer customers the ability to watch movies from the internet * Strengthen partner relationships Mission/ Vision Statement Redbox shares every movie enthusiast passion in having a convenient way to access new movie titles at a very low price. We will write a custom essay sample on Redbox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Redbox is driven to be a world class organization that delivers access to hundreds of DVD movie and game titles to its customers by incorporating technologies and generates a return to the shareholders in the excess in the cost of capital. Redbox uses automated retail kiosk that provides customers with access to DVD and game rentals 24 hours a day, providing unmatched services in the movie rental industry. General Environment Analysis (External Analysis) There are many different factors in the environment that influence Redbox Automated Retail. These factors include: general business ethics, United States copyright laws, the economic recession, unemployment, increased consumer debt levels, declining consumer confidence and spending, new technological advances, natural disasters, and content acquisition and license agreements. Although the previously listed factors each hold a certain degree of importance, the most relevant factors include new technological advances, content acquisition, and license agreements. The advancement in technology, such as digital access to movies via the internet, allows customers the convenience to access films directly from their home which weakens the consumer demand for DVD’s. Furthermore, content acquisition and licensing arrangements restrict the amount of titles that are available to Redbox resulting in litigation battles with large movie studios. Industry Analysis There are many important components in the movie rental industry. The structure of the industry is one that consists of a large number of big companies. Redbox competes in a highly competitive industry that is quickly advancing. Large competing companies such as Blockbuster and Netflix offer services through store chains and e-commerce websites. It would not be feasible for new smaller companies to enter the market. Redbox is no longer the only company providing automated kiosks services to customers. Blockbuster has recently invested in its own kiosk service, however Redbox continues to have a significantly advantage in the number of locations and price. The customer base consists of casual movie watchers from all demographics who have discretionary income to rent and buy movies. The large movie studios such as Universal Studios and 20th Century Fox have the ability to determine the product cost in this industry. Internal Analysis (Non-Financial) Redbox continued growth in the movie rental market depends upon a number of factors including: product, price, marketing, and distribution. Redbox provides its customers with over 22,400 automated movie rental kiosks with over 200 different movie titles to choose from. Each kiosk has a wide variety of movie genres which includes mainly new titles. (McGraw 20) In addition customers are subject to no late fees and have the option to purchase a movie at any time. The prices of DVD rentals are lower than its largest industry competitors, Blockbuster and Netflix. Redbox charged a rental fee of $1 per a day and typically sold previously rented DVD’s at $7 each. (McGraw 20) With a wide variety of titles and low prices available all across the nation, Redbox has demonstrated great success in its marketing communications. It’s marketing strategy includes strategically painted vending machines at reputable retail chains, and internet advertising (Coinstar). Redbox distributes its product by creating partnerships with chins such as Walgreens, Walmart, and McDonalds (McGraw 23). Redbox has demonstrated success of creating a competitive advantage in its product, price, marketing, and distribution in the movie rental industry. Financial Analysis Future Assumptions Over the next 10 years I believe that we will see a shift from the market for DVD rentals to an online digital service that will replace a large portion of movie rental market. The advancement in technologies will only increase the rate at which the digital market will grow. It makes sense for the company to continue to distribute its placement of kiosks and strengthen the relationship with its distribution channels. Redbox has an outstanding advantage in the brick and mortar rental stores and will continue to flourish in the near future while eliminating competition. However it is in the companies best interest to implement a strategy that will focus on developing a digital media that can compete online by obtaining license agreements, creative thinking, and customer satisfaction. Statement of Critical Challenges Although there are many different challenges that pose a threat to Redbox movie rentals, the most critical challenges are obtaining licensee agreements and developing technology to compete in a market that is headed towards streaming digital movies. The successes of competitors such as Netflix show how a movement towards online digital media services will continue to flourish in the near future. It is critical that Redbox enhances its role in online services so that it can continue to grow and compete. Strategic Recommendations

Critique of Quantitative and Qualitative Articles - How to Properly Write a Critique

Critique of Quantitative and Qualitative Articles - How to Properly Write a CritiqueCritical Thinking is the best critique of Quantitative and Qualitative articles and essays. There are some things that you should be looking for. The thing is that if you are writing about something that you know nothing about, the critique may come in very rude, even critical. So the following are a few things that you should look for when writing your critique.Research Papers: If your research paper is about something that is a high-stakes issue, the critique of this article could be very bitter. If you are not an expert, it would be a bit strange to say that your opinion would weigh heavily on the decision that was made. So just take the high ground on this issue, and try to have a little bit of sympathy for your fellow professors.Qualitative: If you are writing a critique of a quality piece of quantitative or qualitative content, then you should let the authors express their voice. This means that you should respect the fact that these articles are a work of art, and you should let them express their view and thoughts.Volume: If you are writing a critique of a quantity piece of research, then you need to keep in mind that the average rate that professors give is the percentage. You can't just write a lot of criticisms about all the disadvantages of the research paper, because if you do, then that would only make the burden of the job of the professor much heavier.Subjective: If you are writing a critique of a subjective article, then you should not just express your opinion on the topic. You should also think about the students who have written their comments and try to understand their opinions. What if there is a certain aspect of the writing that makes your stomach feel queasy?QualityInformation: You need to make sure that you bring the topic to life with the finest information that you can put in. You should not just talk about the main points, but also try to put some b ackground and the relevance of the topics to your class. Make sure that you also get all the pertinent facts from the resource box or the bibliography.A critique of your own sample essay could come out very hot and sharp, in fact, with the use of the above factors, you should know that your critique is more than just being unfair. So try to take it up as a compliment, and you will see that the criticism really gives your material a boost.

Signs and Symptoms of HIV, Malaria, Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease, Herpes, Cholera, Hypothyroidism, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Swine Flu

Signs and Symptoms of HIV, Malaria, Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease, Herpes, Cholera, Hypothyroidism, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Swine Flu UnitDiseaseSigns and SymptomsHIVMany people who are HIV-positive do not experience any symptoms of HIV infection. Sometimes symptoms appear after a year of infection or even after a decade. Often people only begin to feel sick when they progress toward AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).But those who do have symptoms may experience:FeverChillsRashNight sweatsMuscle achesSore throatFatigueSwollen lymph nodesUlcers in the mouthIt is important to know that most people do not suffer symptoms so tests must be taken to know if you are HIV+MalariaThere are many symptoms for malaria that infect nearly 75% of children in tropical countries, these symptoms may include:feverheadachevomitingflu-like symptomsfollowed by internal bleedingkidney and liver failureCreutzfeldt- Jacob diseaseCJD is caused by an abnormal protein, called prion, which affects the nervous system.CJD is sometimes called the "great mimicker" because it causes symptoms that occur in many other neurological diseases.The se symptoms include:Behavioral and personality changesConfusion and memory problemsDepressionInsomniaLack of coordinationStrange physical sensationsVision problemsAs the disease advances, some may experience dementia and involuntary jerking movements called myoclonus.HerpesThe first signs of herpes are sometimes a tingling, itching and burning sensations at the site of infection. These "pre-outbreak" symptoms are often called prodrome. In genital herpes more symptoms are present, these symptoms include:painful red blisters that burst to leave open sores around your genitals, rectum, thighs and buttocksblisters and ulcers on the cervix (lower part of the womb) in womenvaginal discharge in womenpain when you pass urinea high temperature (fever) of 38Â °C (100.4Â °F) or overa general feeling of being unwell, with aches and painsflu like symptomsThese symptoms may...Coronary angiogram of a man

Your Complete Guide to the Best Customer Service Jobs

Your Complete Guide to the Best Customer Service Jobs Pop quiz! Customer service is not a job for: (A) the faint of heart(B) impatient people(C) people who hate other people(D) all of the aboveThe answer is definitely D. In customer service, you help other people like it’s your job, because it is your job. Whether that includes helping customers with a particular product, fielding questions and complaints with a pleasant smile, or listening to people rant and rave about a product you didn’t sell them and didn’t create, it’s a role that requires a ton of people skills and diplomacy. You’re often a front-line brand ambassador for your company. In the best of times, you might earn loyal customers for your company. When things go wrong, you might end up a viral cautionary tale of customer service gone wild. So remember: not for the faint of heart (or patience).What Do Customer Service Professionals Do?Customer services representatives (also known as customer care representatives) can be found in any custom er-facing industry. That includes retail, hospitality, healthcare, or any service industry. These professionals are the friendly faces and voices who are ready to help Their tasks might include:Receiving customers or answering phone callsCoordinating customer ordersEvaluating problems or issues and determining the next stepsTroubleshooting issues, give advice or informationEnsuring a good customer experienceReceiving customer feedbackInvestigating issuesMaintaining detailed client or customer recordsEscalating issues when necessaryCoordinating follow-up outreach to customersInteracting with customers in person or via phone, online chat, fax, or social mediaGiving information about a store, company, or productGenerating sales leadsProcessing payments or refunds as necessaryBuilding customer and brand relationshipsMeeting sales targets and goalsFollowing company protocols for customer careExamples of common customer service jobs include:Client Services ManagerClient Services Specialis tClient Services CoordinatorClient Services RepresentativeCustomer Service AssociateCustomer Service CoordinatorCustomer Service ManagerCustomer Service SupervisorCustomer Service/Care RepresentativeCustomer Support AssociateCustomer Support ManagerCustomer Support SpecialistFront Desk AgentFront Desk AssociateFront Desk ManagerFront Desk ReceptionistHelp Desk AssociateHelp Desk SupportHelp Desk TechnicianReceptionistRetail AssociateRetail Sales AssociateSales AssistantSales CoordinatorTechnical Support EngineerTechnical Support RepresentativesIt’s important to note that this is not your typical 9-to-5 job. Depending on the industry or company, you may be working odd or overnight shifts, including holidays and weekends.What Does the Customer Service Career Path Look Like?In the past, customer service was often looked upon as an entry-level job, or a career dead end, but that is no longer the case (if it ever really was). Many customer service careers start in the aforemention ed entry-level job (customer service rep, or any associate-level job), but with experience in the field, a person can go on to become a coordinator, manager, supervisor, or executive).As we become a more consumer-driven culture, and one where a customer can be blasting a poor experience over social media within seconds, that means that the customer service industry is growing and becoming more sophisticated by the day. Customer service representatives are not just for placating customers- they may be troubleshooting complicated issues, using advanced technical skills, and using a variety of different communication platforms to connect with customers.The data obsession that drives so many other industries has taken root in the customer service field as well, with metrics, reporting, and customer data management becoming more complex in the pursuit of generating sales and creating lasting, positive relationships with customers.What Skills Do Customer Service Professionals Have?Remembe r when I mentioned â€Å"people skills†? These are among the most essential skills for a fulfilling and productive career in customer service. Here’s the rundown of the skills you’ll need (or should build) if you’re looking for a job in the field.Communication SkillsYou’ll be communicating with all sorts of people. Happy customers with questions, unhappy customers with problems, people who have very few communication skills themselves, people with language barriers, people who just want to talk to someone†¦you name it, you might encounter it as a customer service professional. If you’re one of those people who can have a conversation with anyone and everyone you meet, great! You’ve got a good starting point.Your communication skills shouldn’t just be customer-facing, though. You may need to explain complicated issues or problems to other teams within your company, and will likely need to be able to communicate brand-specif ic messaging as well. Your written skills should be strong as well, because so much customer service happens online these days, either via email, online chats, or social media.PatienceIf you’re a tech-savvy person who has tried to help someone who’s, uh, less tech-savvy with a complicated computer issue, then you know that being the one with all the knowledge comes with great responsibility- namely, not getting frustrated or yelling if the person doesn’t necessarily get what you’re putting down. Being able to stay calm and walk through things as many times as necessary is an essential skill for customer service.Organizational SkillsCustomer service reps may need to do a lot of juggling, especially during busy times of the year (for example, holidays). Being able to keep customer information straight and make sure you’re logging everything accurately is key. Chaotic or frenzied customer service is usually lousy customer service.Attention to DetailBe cause customer service actions can have consequences with customers, companies like to make sure that their customer service reps and contacts have an eagle eye for small details. Whether it’s making sure an order is being processed correctly, or ensuring that someone’s insurance information is accurate, you’ll want to be able to demonstrate ninja-level attention to detail.What Education Do Customer Service Professionals Need?This is a field that you can get into without a degree. Most customer service jobs, especially entry-level ones, require a high school diploma or equivalent, and rely heavily on candidates who demonstrate the kinds of skills outlined above. There is typically on-the-job training, since every industry and every company have their own customer service needs, processes, and policies. There’s no one-size-fits-all training or certification that customer service professionals can undergo.How Much Do Customer Service Professionals Make?The salary can vary according to experience level, but here are some sample median salaries for customer service professionals, per PayScale and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics:Customer Service Representative: $32,300Customer Service Associate: $36,680Customer Service Specialist: $40,121Customer Service Supervisor: $47,938Customer Service Manager: $54,066What is the Outlook for Customer Service Professionals?The outlook is strong! This is a field that is definitely growing- again, the emphasis on a consumer society means there will always need to be consumer support professionals. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that this field will grow 10% faster than average by 2024.If you’re thinking about breaking into this field, or wondering where you can go next after your first opportunity, working in customer service can be a solid growth choice for your career. And if you’re not necessarily interested in making it your career base, the skills you use and build a s a customer service representative are ones that you can successfully take to many other industries.

Annoted Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Annoted Bibliography - Essay Example Banks were existing during that time. There were both private and temple banks. Loans were given out to people with houses being collateral while others were just freestanding religious institutions. There was encouragement of to invest his or her capital in vineyards, and if someone would enter this amount as a debt, the owner was to realize a six percent profit. He further reiterates that the investment idea and advice to the Romans show was an indicator of some degree of financial power during that era. People knew that loans are not grants and can be used for investment purposes. People were told to think of the opportunities brought by the invested funds, whether they have received legitimately or as a loan. Many people took a loan to enhance trading and finance their business activities. Before the industrial revolution, merchants formed a huge population that was a foundation of the capital market in the Roman Empire. In the history of Roman Empire, other assets were functioning in place of physical money. Grains and wines are some of the many commodities that were allowed in making payment, facilitating exchange and trading activities, measuring values and wealth of an individual. The use of coins reduced because of such assets in some sectors of the roman economy. During the last days, the empire, it was an important factor in evalua ting impact and nfluence of the ultimate increase in the coin supply. The article remains a great resource in this research, and I will not do without it. Its content is rich, and provides a provocative content that would be detrimental in research