Analysis Of The Book Black Women - 1645 Words

Black women in America are faced with many challenges. Sexual discrimination and outspoken anger were some of the oppressions that African-American women had to contend with. They were marginalized even on the political aspect. Nobody was ready to come to their rescue. They were marginalized and frustrated by claims about a universal sisterhood that was oppressive. They were discriminated along racial, ethnic, class and social lines drawing them as half-humans. They had to go through difficulties in their daily lives, but the challenges to some extent helped them become tough and strong. This paper will use information from the books Still Brave and Sister Citizen to bring out the oppression of the black women in America. The oppression is based on race, gender, and sexuality. The books use what is known as anthologies which are historical narratives helping readers understand whom they think they are, whether they know their originality, and where they think they are headed. In this perspective, the anthology is based on Black women, explaining their cultures, experiences and visions. The aim of the anthologies here is to refute, defend and recommend to give an understanding of the past and the future as far as Black women are concerned. The two books are instrumental in understanding the centrality of black women in fighting for their freedom with much courage and determination. This gives us the understanding of being modern, in a new world where women are treated equallyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Patricia Hill Collins Black Feminist956 Words   |  4 Pages Patricia Hill Collins black feminist philosopher has written books and spent extensive time on studying the central concept of feminist epistemology is that of women placed in a particular p osition or condition and hence of fixed knowledge: knowledge that reflects the particular perspectives of women. In her book Black Feminist Thought Collins, expresses her concern as a black women moving from her neighborhood in Philadelphia to Boston she says, â€Å"My world grew larger, but I felt I was growingRead MoreAfrican American Women : An Examination Of Female Slavery1204 Words   |  5 Pages African-American women have been neglected historical recognition during the primitive and the final stages of North American slavery. Historians like Stanley Elkins, John Blassingame, Robert Fogel, Stanley Engerman, Eugene Genovese, and Herbert Gutman have had a profound influence on research that uncovers the experiences of slaves in the antebellum South. Yet, these historians have only done so through the centered analysis of enslaved black men – this review will focus on two stereotypes andRead MoreBook Review: A women Doing Life936 Words   |  4 PagesA women doing life is a book that talks openly about women in prison. The author of the book who is also an inmate is known as Erin George. She explains vividly about women life in prison and what she was going through as an inmate. The book also gives other stories about other female inmates. The book presents a realistic of what women goes through on daily basis in prison. The issues addressed are both physical and psych ological challenges. She talks on behalf of those women facing challenges onRead MoreAnalysis Of N t I A Woman1370 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Ar’n’t I a Woman There are many books that are written about slavery which tell what happened to African- Americans, and some of them are specifically about black women. Every one of them has it own good part. Among them, the history book Ar’n’t I a Woman is a highly readable work, and the author Debra Gray White focuses her attention exclusively on the place where these two subjects intersect (sex and gender). The source material that is in the book is very interesting, andRead MoreAmes s Long Battle Against Lynch Law1257 Words   |  6 Pagesof this book is a fascinating study over Jessie Daniel Ames, who was a southern woman who played major roles in several local social movements between the two world wars- as the very first President of the Texas league of woman voters, leader in the Texas Equal Suffrage Association, Director of Woman’s Work for the Commission on Interracial Cooperation in the 1920’s, and following that decade as the head of the association o f southern Woman for the prevention of Lynching (ASWPL). The book deals bothRead MoreBlack Sexual Politics1702 Words   |  7 PagesBlack Politics: Is There an Argument? University of Kentucky Black Throughout America’s history there have been many struggles with equality amongst the many racial identities that live in this â€Å"melting pot.† Acceptance of the many races is a continuous goal in the war on racism in America. Once accepted, many racial identities go under huge scrutiny by the media, society, and their other racial counterparts, etc. Black Sexual Politics by Patricia Hill Collins is a critical analysis of blacksRead MoreKilling The Black Body By Dorothy Roberts1347 Words   |  6 PagesAmilet Armenta-Ruiz SOC 423X Book Analysis Paper April 13, 2016 In Killing the Black Body, Dorothy Roberts describes the history of African-American women and the dehumanizing attempts to control their reproductive lives. Beginning with slavery, to the early beginning of birth control policy, to the sterilization abuse of Black women during the 1960s and 1970s, continuing with the current campaign to inject Norplant and Depo-Provera along with welfare mothers, Roberts argues that the systematicRead MoreThe Pulse Of The People1245 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review Title: Pulse of the People Author: Dr. Lakeyta Bonnette Authors Biography: Dr. Lakeyta Bonnette is a native from Columbia, South Carolina. She is currently a professor at Georgia State University. She previously completed her undergraduate studies at Winthrop University and attended Duke University apart of Ralph Bunche Summer Institute and also University of California in Los Angeles apart of Ralph Bunche Summer Humanities Institute as well. And finally in 2009 received her doctoralRead MoreEssay on The Romance of Renunion Summary669 Words   |  3 PagesThe Romance of Reunion Nina Silber’s historical analysis in The Romance of Reunion, takes an in depth look at the groundwork that was behind the reconstruction of the nation after the Civil War. While most historians refer to the political agenda behind fixing the segregated nation, Silber takes a moderately different approach and focuses more on reunification, rather than reconstruction. Her argument is made very clear throughout the book and through the use of numerous illustrations that wereRead MoreWars, Guns, Votes Democracy in Dangerous Places Book Analysis1502 Words   |  7 Pagesformally enacted laws and policies designed to drive out and limit the prospects of racial minorities. White Canadians saw the presence of Asians during the first third of the twentieth century as the greatest threat to national prosperity.1 In The Black Candle, Emily Murphy a magistrate from Edmonton addresses the problem of drug trafficking in Canada and despite taking some care to present her remarks as det ached and scientific, she had some clear opinions regarding various racial and ethnic groups

Why are there so many more male offenders than female Free Essays

Why are there so many more male offenders than female? Crime is generally committed by the male pursuit but more and more women are starting to play a role init. There are many Factors which contribute to why there are more male prisoners than female. This assignment will go into depth and detail discussing all evidence behind it. We will write a custom essay sample on Why are there so many more male offenders than female? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will overall provide an explanation to why there is more criminal behaviour in males than females. This will include criminological theories which will be put forward to explain criminal behaviour in both genders. Firstly the key issue surrounding this topic is why there are more male prisoners than female and make sense to why this is. Generally the crimes female commit differ from male criminality. Women appear as offenders in all categories of offences from the least serious to the most serious (Hedenson, 1989). Robert 1977 in United States males are more dominant in burglary, drunkenness, auto theft, robbery, driving under influence, posseion of weapons and sex offences. Females predominate in offences relating to prostitution. Murders are more predominant in male’s activity. (Wilson) majority of victims of murders are males. 2001 indicate that 42% of female. The crime committed by women has more of an emotional characteristic then those committed by men. The pattern of women committing fewer crimes than men continues as there are only 19% of known women offenders. Women are more likely experience domestic violence. Their current or former partner murders two women every week and 44 % of violent incidents against women are domestic. Facts and Statistics are looked at thoroughly in England and Wales by the Home Office and provide the following picture of male and female offending. In 2002; 81 per cent of known offenders were male, and 19 per cent female. Soothill et al (2002) have estimated that 35 per cent of males born in 1958 will have had a criminal conviction by the age of thirty-five; and for women the figure is 9 per cent. According to the statistics of female offenders in prison, most are in for drugs, theft and handling stolen property offences, these accounts for 60% of known female offenders. 15% of sentenced female prisoners have previously been admitted to a psychiatric hospital and over 40% of sentenced women prisoners have been reported as being dependent on drugs in the year before coming to prison. An estimated 20% of women in prison have gone through separation from their parents and have spent some time in care. There have been major controver sies on the different roles played by each gender in accordance to crime. Theorists have been questioning this by looking at social, biological and psychological explanations. They have been used to develop theories to explain why females commit crime and why they commit less crime than males. Theories have over the years developed progressively further by the body work on gender in criminology and social sciences in general. Theorist has stated the casual role of biological and psychological factors in female crime show masculine factors. Cesare Lombroso puts forward the explanation that ‘criminals are atavistic throwbacks and that crime results from a reversion to their more primitive state’. He studied the skulls and bones of women criminal and prostitutions. He also compared factors such as history of both criminal and non-criminal females.Lombroso declared that ‘any physical characteristic that were more common in the criminal group were atavistic’. He viewed women as a’ lower form of life than men.’ Judging from his experiences (and prejudices) lead him to believe that criminals were different physically from normal people and had physical characteristics of savages and inferior animals. The term ‘Born criminals’ that had atavistic qualities and had committed crimes due to mental conditions e.g. general paralysis, dementia, pellagra, alcoholism, epilepsy, idiocy, or hysteria. He also claimed that women are able to adapt to unappealing environment than men hence why they turn to prostitution as an alternative to crime. Lombroso and Ferrerero book titled ‘The Female Offender’ described females as deceitfulness, cunni ng, spite, amongst others which they claim none of which appeared among males. This indicates that criminal females are more genetically like males than none criminal females and such biological abnormal.Moreover, according to Tarde, Lombroso’s theory did not explain the lower rate of criminality among women having the same stigmata. Other theorists such as WI Thomas accepted Lombroso’s account of inferiority and passivity of women, however he did not agree on the theory that criminal women are more like men. In his book, ‘The Unadjusted Girl’ blames female crime on the traditional constraints placed upon them. Resulting from these women have the desire for recognition, and in order to obtain this many females get involved in illegal activities. He discusses that everyone has four main duties in life, desire for new experiences, security, and response, and recognition. Thomas considered that women maintain their virtue until marriage, but these women used their sexuality to obtain whatever they want. Women were seen having feeling confined under monogamy, and having a lot sexual energy, this was released in criminal acts. Sigmund Freud suggested that the explanation to why women commit crime may be due to not being able to fully resolve the Oedipus complex. As they have a great deal of need for the males to approve them they rule out the risk by committing crime. The exceptional female who does offend is seen as suffering from extreme penis envy and, in a desire to be a man, takes an aggressive, non-conforming attitude that may result in criminal behaviour. Freud believed that all individuals are born with a potential to become a criminal due to basic instinct leading to anti-social behaviour. By analysing boys and girls Freud came to the conclusion that due to genetic differences women are more passive than men. Freud agreed with Lombroso in that female criminality rejects passivity and tries very hard to be like men. However, whil e, in theory, women have similar opportunities as men to commit crime these may be limited by other factors such as employment, as fewer women than men work, less opportunity exists. Women are also more likely than men to have primary responsibility for are child-care, which restricts opportunities for various types of criminal behaviour. It is perhaps true that female crime can often explain as women’s unusual response to lack of opportunity and school failure. It is a desperate attempt to escape from poverty rather than, as in the case of many men, an aggressive response to their social situation. Courts may deal more leniently with females. However, it appears that when women commit crimes that go against male stereotypes of femininity, women tend to be more harshly punished than men are. This can be seen with crimes involving violence. Scientists have suggested that the brain differences between male and female is an essential reason why women are more likely to stay out of harm’s way. Current research has demonstrated that females, on average, have a larger deep limbic system than males. Due to this, women are more in touch with their feelings; they have an increased ability to bond and are connected to others.Allen’s study is exceptional in suggesting that violent women offenders received more sympathetic sentences and justice than men did. Typical Cultures where the female stays at home doing housework and looking after the children also reduces female crime rate as there would be less opportunities to commit crime. Females undergoing domestic violence due to culture can however commit one of the biggest crimes. True story by Kiranjit Ahluwalia and Rahila Gupta describes how Kiranjit went through 10 years of domestic violence and eventually loses it one night and sets her husband on fire whilst he was sleeping. Though this story is based on the life of Kiranjit Ahluwalia, parallels can be drawn to the lives of many women who are the victims of domestic violence. It also shows how culture, family value and honour are misconstrued and misinterpreted to allow women no freedom and men no restrictions. Gang culture affects the skew of sexual assaults to being predominant in male activity, violence and rape is cheered on in males as masculinity. Another factor to consider is feminisation poverty (currie 1985). High proportions of women tend to commit crime such as burglary in order to put food on the table for their children for the same reason benefit fraud could be committed. Survey conducted 1994 women in prisons are mostly mothers who have committed an offence for the following reasons; having no money (54%) mixing with the wrong crowd (46%) need to support children (38%) drink and drugs (35%) family problems(33%) having no job (33%) however males tend to engage in burgulary for more or less the same reason. Pasko (2004) stated young females tend to commit crime through the rough experience they live through. An example would be young female runaways who experience abuse and then being returned home by caring professionals who end up experiencing more abuse. Age is another factor that has a relationship between offending behaviour and sex. Tarling 1993 showed criminal statistics for England and Wales showing that the peak age of young males offending was 18 in 1990 and for female it was 15. Males are more likely to commit offences that would be committed by young people offenders were as females tend to commit crime that are done by older people. Females may be committing crime committed by older people due to the family responsibilities they may have therefore this might be re-labelled a ‘crime and responsibility thesis. More Males are likely to commit crime at a younger age due to the environmental influences they encounter as they develop through age. Influences such as violent video games, TV, films and violent role models may play a key role to why there are so many more male offenders than females. â€Å"By the time the average U.S. child starts elementary school he or she will have seen 8,000 murders and 100,00 acts of vio lence on TV.†(New Scientist, 2007). The relationship between gender differences, and criminal behaviour is complex and varied, there are no simple answers. A number of factors must be taken into account, and the environmental influences and cultural traditions can be seen as the most important ones. Bibliography Home office. (2003). Gender crime. Available: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=442. Last accessed 4th April 2011 New Scientist. (2007). Tv film violence. Available: http://www.cybercollege.com/violence.htm. Last accessed 5th April 2011. Carl Austin, Rahila Gupta. (2007). Provoked true story review. Available: http://www.contactmusic.com/new/film.nsf/reviews/provokedatruestory. Last accessed 4th April 2011. Rita James Simon, Heather Ahn-Redding (2005). The crimes women commit: the punishments they receive. london: Lexington Books. pg65-90 Meda Chesney-Lind, Lisa Pasko (2003). The female offender: girls, women, and crime . london: SAGE Publications Ltd. pg-3-18. Kathleen Daly (1996). Gender, Crime, and Punishment. America: Yale University Press. pg-88-111. Hub pages-Jan- Tutor (2007) http://hubpages.com/hub/ why do women commit Crime Last accessed 5th April 2011 How to cite Why are there so many more male offenders than female?, Essay examples

Conditional Love of Bimala and Sandip free essay sample

On the other hand , Sandip is a person who pulls lover and motherland together , and country and bimala become one . Starting with the events and meetings relating to bimala and sandip are as such :- Till Bimala meets Sandip , she has preconception that he uses his husband’s wealth in the name of country . Their first meeting is in Nikhilesh’s house where Sandip arrives to address a meeting . Bimala is deeply struck by sandip’s passion and energy for Swadeshi movement and could not help herself from gazing him till his last words of speech . Later she praises sandip’s speech in front of his husband . To which Nikhilesh replies – â€Å"tell him that â€Å" and thus their next meet is planned. And thus she is preoccupied with swadeshi thoughts and also about what she should wear when she meets him . Thus one can see that Bimala is attracted towards magnetic sandip . The second meeting is at Dinner table at Nikhilesh’s house , where Sandip could not stop himself from telling about the fire he saw in bimala’s eye and also titled her as â€Å" queen bee â€Å" . Bimala in a black bordered red sari is clearly happy to meet sandip again . With every meeting she becomes less reserved and more frank . As for instance , even before introduction of sandip in bimala’s life , bimala had sympathy towards swadeshi movement and even asks Nikhilesh to burn her foreign clothes . Secondly , one can draw the same point from Miss Gilby’s incident . Bimala’s desires is directed towards object outside herself be it her mother , her husband , nation , Sandip , to be simple – material possessions . Her love is a feeling that desires an identity with the object of her desires . I think Bimala posses an autonomy , but she is indecisive of an identity in which she wants her desires to be fulfilled . She moves between Nikhilesh and Sandip , trying to find her true desire . Also from the text , we can see she is puzzled between physical characterstics that Nikhliesh and Sandip adores , â€Å" The bare neck and the piled up hair† that Nikhil adores or â€Å" the partly bared bosom , the deep red colours and sinuous silks† that delights Sandip . Her desires are like that of a pendulum that keeps on rotating to and fro with Nikhil at one end and sandip at other end . Bimala‘s infatuation towards Sandip depends upon a confusion which is both willing and involuntary . She recognizes that she is not influenced by Sandip himself but to his rhetoric , and her attraction is self interested . Initially it seems that she is physically attracted towards Sandip , but when she meets Amulya , her perception is totally changed about Sandip , she is deeply influenced by Amulya’s words and realizes her true desire . Slowly , Bimala learns the truth about Sandip’s political activities and is now aware that he is a comfort – loving leader who spent lavishly on himself , as a result he had extracted more money from Bimala then what was actually needed . Once she comes to know about true Sandip that is his meanness of mind and about his transperancy of his deceptions . Sandip , now had begun to repel her as a human being her as a human being . Bimala is also filled with guit when she discovers about Sandip’s moral shallowness and political dishonesty . She was so disappointed with Sandip and her nature that she talks with him with her back faced towards him in their last meeting , and also says â€Å" My husband used to say that the less one knows you the better one likes you . I think I have got to know about you bit too well . â€Å" As a result , finally Bimala rejects Sandip and his politics and her political views begin to veer away from Sandip’s . I assume that the love for Sandip which seeks to translate Bimala from â€Å" GHAR â€Å" To â€Å" BAHIR â€Å" is not true love , it’s a path which Bimala wanted from starting but was not sure about that or was so influenced by her mother’s ideals as a man’s wife . Sandip was a mere path shower to bimala and her freedom and desire . One can easily see in the starting , the fire in Bimala towards nation and Swadeshi . Sandip although acted as a catalyst and magnified the fire in her by provoking her to step out and help the nation . Nikhilesh also wanted the same that is she wanted Bimala to seek her own freedom in her own way , but he never tried to impose his thinking over Bimala’s . I accept that women are attracted and affected by masculinity , and I assume that sandip’s energy was the only thing that influenced Bimala over Nikhilesh’s silence . Once amulya stepped in , bimala felt dejected from Sandip’s ideal and she realized that it is not her desire . Bimala ‘s relationship with Sandip is based on a confusion of inner with outer , a confusion that is present in Sandip’s corrupt version of a nationalist ideology . Its not a relationship based on love , it’s a relationsip of enlightment of one’s mind or rather disillusioned enlightment with certain physical attachment towards Sandip because of masculinity trend . So according to me , From Bimala’s point of view , she was initially attracted towards Sandip’s views of nationalism but in reality it provided her with a sense of realization of her own views on nationalism . Her physical attraction was merely because of masculinity of Sandip and his dominance . Once she is enlighted by Amulya’s views , she is automatically dejected from Sandip and his views . Thus one can say that the relationship between Bimala and Sandip was merely a relationship which resulted in enlightment of Bimala’s true desires , not a relationship based on love . I would rather prefer to say â€Å" A relationship in desire of material thing â€Å" . Or a path in search of â€Å" Freedom for Bimala† from her inner world and desires . In short Sandip was a rope, not the bridge that helped Bimala to realize her connection between the Home and The World . On the other hand , Sandip whom I assume as an empty walnut , is a person of empty words . He is a person who will influence people with heavy slogans but when it comes to action on his part , he will be the first person to step back . He claimed himself to be an idol for women , and I agree with his assumption of him as an idol man but not completely . This concept applies at an initial stage , and once you are aware of Sandip’s deceptions and his empty passion , the only thing you will want is to regret of worshipping him as an idol . He had mere interest in showing his dominance over people , be it Chandrababu , Nikhilesh or someone else . He was well aware of tactics to prove his dominance . For instance ,sometimes , when Nikhilesh’s arguments were as strong as concrete , Sandip would invite Bimala in the discussion because he was aware of the fact , that nikhilesh did not want to force his views on bimala in anycase and opted being silent . Sandip was aware of the fact , that Bimala feels attracted to him , actually his passion . And he tried to make full use of this be it monetary , emotionally and physical to an extent . He would talk about his endless passion for the nation in front of bimala to keep her attached to him . He was aware about Bimala’s desire and made full utility of that awareness . Nikhilesh was also aware of Bimala’s desires but he wanted Bimala to discover them herself without any assistance. And this is a sign of true love , not sandip’s which is only based on utility . First , he influenced Bimala with his empty talks , and then used her emotionally , and then used her to secretly deal with Nikhilesh’s money in name of nation . What a true passionate revolutionary he was – who used his friend’s wife for his needs , be it emotional or monetary . And when Bimala realized about the true Sandip , he was shocked and completely moved and decided to move away from the city and also tried to disturb married life of Bimala and nikhilesh as a part of grudge . He could not accept his defeat and instead of facing it , he tries to escape from it . According to me , from sandip’s point of view relationship between Bimala and Sandip was a path to meet sandip’s materialistic desires . He was a person who wanted to live a comfortable life and with dominance . He was attracted to Bimala , I could not find a proper reason of his attraction . But what I think is that he always had problems with nikhilesh’s views and he wanted to dominate him , but could not succeed in it completely . So , maybe with showing attraction towards Bimala and vice versa , he might have some hidden agenda of showing his dominance over nikhilesh indirectly . So , finally I assume that relationship between Sandip and Bimala was not at all â€Å" true love â€Å" , For bimala it was a path to her freedom and her desires , her journey from inner world to outer world . On the other hand , For Sandip , it was a path to meet his demands , be it his dominance , be it his monetary demands or emotional demands . Or in other words it was a relationship that seemed to be love but was with own conditions of the two protagonists . I assume , that only Nikhilesh’s love towards Bimala was â€Å"True Love â€Å" , an unconditional love and sacrifices on his own part . Bimala’s love towards Nikhilesh was also not a true love , it was more of a devotional process initially and then demanding in between .