Bestseller Lists Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Smash hit Lists - Assignment Example In the two classes, there is no imposing business model of creators in the main 20. All the more along these lines, creators are either in one classification or the other (Rodgers 11). It infers that no writer writes in the two classifications yet just have some expertise in one kind. Moreover, there is no imposing business model of writers in year 2015 in the consolidated digital books fiction and print. Consistently various books sell at various rates and as such no book is reliably driving the outlines. Fiction books include composing of inventive stories. All things considered, there exist no restraining infrastructure of journalists between the years 1950 to 1959 (U.S Accounting Office, 15). In many years, various creators show up in the best 10 with just few or none that were available in past years. In the true to life class, singular books and writers show up in constant years. The guide for better homes appears to do great as it searches for huge parts somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1959. Between the years 1904 and 1909, Barr McCutcheon is a creator that is continually in the main 10 smash hits (Cader, 16). All the more along these lines, more creators show up normally in the rundown however with various

Causes And Impact Of Global Warming

Causes And Impact Of Global Warming The a dangerous atmospheric devation implies that our plants temperature rises which occurred because of the human exercises and ventures. An Earth-wide temperature boost has become maybe the most entangled issue confronting the world heads so as to ensure the planet and the future .The earth has warmed by about 1Â °F in the course of recent years. Why it is happened The researcher in the previous decades didn't know, however now they realize that the most unmistakable reason being man-made contamination. This contamination happened as a result of the human exercises that produce carbon dioxide or as known ozone harming substance, which traps heat inside the air of the earth and adds to a worldwide temperature alteration which is one more. Enormous piece of the contamination is happened in light of consuming the powers so as to control the inside burning motor vehicles and as we realize that the quantity of the vehicles , coaches , ships the planes are expanding step by step without far reaching elective vitality sources which really increment the consequences for the an Earth-wide temperature boost . Consuming coal to create power just as use it to move the trains is another importance of petroleum products that produce more carbon dioxide. On different hands, the researcher found that the fundamental driver of an Earth-wide temperature boost is the human. The human credited in expanding the carbon dioxide by their ordinary prerequisites, for example, breathing procedure, food, power and transport, however these necessities are expanding step by step, by the expanding in the quantity of the populace that live in our planets. The agribusiness contributes in a worldwide temperature alteration in light of the fact that the ranchers utilize a wide range of sorts of manures and the fertilizer created by steers which produce noticeable wellspring of methane that influence the climate. The a worldwide temperature alteration has numerous entanglements and has a tremendous effects in the earth. It undermined the human life the personal satisfaction in the immediate and backhanded manner. Numerous measurements show that the quantity of ceaseless infections and lung ailments has been increment contrasting and the most recent decades which is related straightforwardly to the an Earth-wide temperature boost. The changing in the food supplies, water and the climate is the roundabout path sway on a worldwide temperature alteration which drives the people to be awkward and undermined about his fundamental needs and prerequisites. So also, the a dangerous atmospheric devation has influenced the other living things, for example, animas plants and the expanding in the temperatures prompt numerous creatures species to lose their environment like polar bears and tropical frogs. The creature movement designs have been sporadic and immensely influenced by changing in the atmosphere. Creature eradication is the most genuine consequence of an Earth-wide temperature boost , According to the Intergovernmental Panel on (IPCC), an expansion in worldwide temperature by 1.5 to 2.5 degrees will make 20 to 30 percent of species defenseless against annihilation, while an ascent of about 3.5 degrees will make 40 to 70 percent species helpless against elimination. Then again, the a dangerous atmospheric devation sway on non living thing. The worldwide reason change on the common territory attributes of the earth, for example, the ocean level to be rise a few meters which prompts cause a considerable lot of the low lying regions to lower submerged and which could dislodge a huge number of individuals. In Maldives, is now beginning to search for another home in view of ocean levels rising .Melting gigantic measure of ice, for example, entire of the Antarctic ice sheet melts may cause the worldwide ocean level is relied upon to ascend by 10.5 meters. Additionally , The acidic downpour and the atmosphere influence the horticulture and the human engineering. The Acidic downpour is come about because of blend of carbon dioxide with the downpour which cause an enormous yield disappointments after some time . Moving the sands and the desert to the living zone is another reason for an Earth-wide temperature boost which for the most part called deforestation particularly in the tropical timberlands for wood, mash, and farmland. These variables has been contributed in 90% possibility that 3 billion individuals worldwide should pick between moving their families to milder climes and going hungry because of environmental change inside 100 years. On account of past effects of the a worldwide temperature alteration , numerous researchers contend about the issue of environmental change , a few was believing that it is a moderate procedure and it need forever and a day to influence straightforwardly the human life and be undermined .Other supposition was an against this conclusion and they consider that they overlook that the elements which cause a dangerous atmospheric devation are quickly rising and on the off chance that we were unable to control it now right now it will be hard to control it later on and they expected that these variables will increase at a quicker rate later on. I feel that we have just harmed our planets , and we may not live to confront the immediate outcomes of an Earth-wide temperature boost , yet it is our obligation to secure our planet now and control our exercises so as to lessen the an unnatural weather change or until the researcher locate an effective , working answer for an Earth-wide temperature boost . It is our obligation to blessing a safty, solid planet for our stupendous fabulous kids and to the group of people yet to come . Likewise it is their entitlement to have a solid safe planet like that is has a place with our granddads . First: how a dangerous atmospheric devation influences the UAE specifically The a dangerous atmospheric devation has been noted in all the nations in the entire world including the UAE . The a dangerous atmospheric devation influences the UAE from multiple points of view . It cause an expansion in the temperature which influence the horticulture and the life under the ocean . As of late , the UAE News was cautioning the individuals from expending some sort of fish since its effectively dead by the wonder of red tides that assaults the UAE sea shores explicitly in Dibba Al Fujairah . This marvels slaughter the fish as well as influence the human in general wellbeing since it cause respiratory disturbance like hacking, wheezing, and tearing when the red tide life form is available along a coast . The a dangerous atmospheric devation likewise cause the desertification where more sand move into living territories and influence the development and transportation of people groups . Desertification may influence the rural yields in light of the fact that the huge amounts of sands covered the harvests plants . Then again , the UAE locales could essentially expand temperatures in view of an unnatural weather change which may influence the travel industry in the UAE and impact the economy. In detail , the UAE economy depend for the most part in the vacationers and the travel industry , so any change or reduction on the all out number of traveler that will cause a diminishing in the budgetary pay and efficient issues . The UAE life , regardless of being a serious little populace , is contributes produce high measure of carbon dioxide which increment the a dangerous atmospheric devation. The insights of the UAE show that the expansion in CO2 discharges is inside the scope of 33% and 35% between 1997 2006 and this precentage may increment in the following years (Energy Information Administration. , 2008). The UAE has one of the most noteworthy carbon impressions on a for every capita ton premise on the planet. Truth be told, four of the most noticeably terrible wrongdoers are from the GCC Qatar, UAE, Bahrain and Kuwait. (A dangerous atmospheric devation could uproot millions in the Middle East , 2008) Second : What should we do here what is the job of the UAE What should the UAE do Because of the high rate carbon dioxide , the UAE governments and individuals ought to coordinate together so as to decrease the result gases and control its effect on the an unnatural weather change . As of late , UAE has become a part in the earth hour and urge individuals to turn off the power for 1 hour so as to decrease carbon dioxide gas which in any event will assist with lessening the effect on the a worldwide temperature alteration . UAE don't see the earth hour as just power shut down, yet they additionally see it as an opportunity to teach the individuals about the an Earth-wide temperature boost and the significance of the participation to take care of this issue , so as we see from last couple weeks , numerous individuals from various age and sex were stress for the mother earth and they include in the earth hour . In 27th of January 2009 , the UAE signs rule building up the International Renewable Energy Agency, IRENA , the reason for this office is to center in sustainable power source is one of the key answers for the present difficulties confronting the universes vitality future and the an Earth-wide temperature boost . Numerous nations are include in IRENA and they cultivate the creation and utilization of sustainable power source through various methodologies. The UAE accept on the significance of vitality as a fundamental driver for the financial development and they believe that sustainable power source is urgent to the universes future wellbeing . The UAE governments propelled the Estidama Program and the Pearls green structure rating framework which would get coordinated into the construction standard and the dispatch of the Emirates Green Buildings Council . The Estidama Program can be considered as a significant advance towards low carbon emanation structures in the UAE which structures assumes a key job in ensuring the earth, lessening vitality utilization and keeping an eye on vitality proficiency . This would assist with improving the vitality use and the water required for cooling properties in the blistering summers. Essentially to Estidama program , the UAE government began to build up the universes greenest city in Abu Dhabi . The legislature began before quite a while to locate an agreeable method to deliver the vitality with least measure of gases , zero waste city, a silicon valley for sustainable power source. Masdar city will be the worldwide home of Renewable Energy .This city centers around the total worth chain of the sustainable power source segment and claims once prepared , it will be a carbon unbiased spot to live where no vehicles will be permitted to enter. Masder is the new spotless future for our people to come and it is the model to urge different urban communities to follow . Masder bolster the human right have confidence later on age rights , so it is special , present day thought . The administration of UAE empower the sustainable power source and accept that it is the future . The sunlight based hydrogen

Do they know where they are going A Literature Review of 14-19 year

Do they know where they are going An of 14-multi year old decisions in Education in Wales - Literature survey Example The Welsh instruction framework since 2004 has understood the significance of the nature of training gave to 14-multi year olds as it is a delicate age and the understudies should be set up for school or the work place. The prepping and instruction that is given at this age will characterize their vocations and ways for the future and hence it is of most extreme significance that they are given abundant chances and appropriate direction. The Welsh Government intends to make 95% of the adolescent (up to age 25) prepared for advanced education or the activity advertise constantly 2015 (Hafren). This survey will concentrate on the choices accessible to the Welsh understudies at this touchy age and how they can enable the understudies to accomplish scholastic just as fundamental abilities. Training for the 14-19 age bunches The action word to instruct is drawn out from the Latin word ‘educare’ which intends to draw out. In this manner, instruction should draw out the conceal ed potential oaf of clear canvases that are kids. The age 14-19 is the most persuasive age and hence it is when understudies can be prepared and refined to create characters and abilities that will empower them to make progress. As per Richard Pring, the present arrangement of training brings about numerous understudies staying undeveloped and neglects to give them the aptitudes important to exceed expectations in advanced education or the activity advertise. He accepts that it is critical to characterize what training implies for these age gatherings and what results should it give. As indicated by him, the multi year olds that the instructive framework should deliver must not exclusively be scholarly however youngsters with different qualities and a profound thought capacity worried about the issues that the world appearances. (Pring) Richard Pring centers around the ‘urgency of debate’ as instruction has underlined uniquely in financial effectiveness and execution ho wever not on key issues and the improvement of the psyche. It concentrates a lot on monetary addition both by those that give training and those that get instruction and excessively not exactly the improvement of the brain and preparing of understudies into scholarly creatures. The consequence of a framework driven by assessments and results has been weakening in the learning experience. From the activity point of view also, the framework doesn't furnish understudies with the necessary relational abilities and preparing that would empower them to prevail on the planet. There has additionally been a component of savage rivalry between organizations instead of a comprehensive and collective mentality bringing about accentuation on projects and results to draw in understudies as opposed to concentrating on giving better training and cooperating than improve the framework. The framework likewise does not have the expert preparing of educators taking into account 14-multi year olds. (Pri ng) Qualifications There are essentially two capability systems accessible to Welsh understudies, additionally perceived in England and Wales. The National Qualifications Framework sets out the degrees of capabilities perceived by England, Ireland and Wales. These capabilities are authorize by the controllers in every one of the three states. The NQF perceives passage level declarations, English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), GCSE, Life Skills, BTEC, NQV, A levels and International Baccalaureate among different others. These capabilities center around scholarly accomplishments and affirmations. (DirectGov, 2009) The

Essay Sample on the American Revolution and the Independence form Great Britain

Paper Sample on the American Revolution and the Independence structure Great Britain America’s choice to announce autonomy structure Great Britain was both due the difference in financial approaches and to the improvement of refining life and freedom. In the wake of driving the French out, with assistance from the Indians and British soldiers, pioneer started to squabble with Parliament’s request of testing the constraints of their capacity in North America. Their control was made troublesome when occupants chose to pirate and blacklist merchandise. In the long run, the settlements opposition and loss of tolerance would lead them straightforwardly to freedom. The Proclamation of 1763 was the first to outrage the settler. So as to guarantee the Indians that pilgrims would not attack ancestral terrains, Britain accentuated homesteader not to grow toward the westbound locale. Soon after, the utilization of writs of help, which permitted customs to look anyplace without the utilized of a warrant, set a significant encroachment upon pilgrim common rights. The Sugar Act (set up simultaneously) was an endeavor to dishearten carrying by bringing down the cost of molasses underneath bootleggers cost. It likewise expressed that fares could just experience British ports before being offered to remote nations. At the point when dealers were blamed for sneaking, they confronted a jury-less preliminary and were frequently sentenced. Violators of the Stamp Act of 1765 additionally confronted a similar when they didn't accepting unique watermarked paper for papers and every single authoritative record. Since the Stamp Act was an interior duty on the stat es, it propelled the principal genuine organized reaction to British burdens. Brutality in the end broke all through the provinces, shaping such pilgrim bunches as the Loyal Nine and the Sons of Liberty to arrange the obstruction and collect the residents in endeavors to pressure Parliament to renounce the demonstration. In light of the mind-boggling dissent of agents (and the constrained clearing of stamp merchants), Britain’s economy was seriously harmed and they had to drop the demonstration. Anyway it was not some time before Parliament pulled on the strings of the pioneer once more. The Quartering Act of 1765 requested provincial congregations to pay for provisions for troops living inside their settlements. The demonstration didn't influence a great part of the states aside from New York. New York at the time had a lot of troops positioned and would not agree to the law. Parliament in returned took steps to invalidate all laws passed by the New York pilgrim council, removing what self-government they had. To stay away from more hardships, New York chose to obey Parliament. At long last, the settlements bit their last lip when a man named Charles Townshend expected the obligations of Britain’s treasurer. Britain’s House of Commons chose to cut their expenses by one-fourth and proposed to compensate for the misfortune by passing the Revenue Act of 1767. Townshend drew an arrangement that put burdens on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea entering the provinces. Despite the fact that it just raised 37,000 pounds, contrast with the 500,000 pound pay cut in the treasury office, Townshend obligations was compelling in stirring political question that had laid latent since the pull back of the Stamp Act. The upheaval was becoming solid and would at long last be built up after an occurrence in Boston in 1770. Due to proceeded with brutality in Massachusetts, British soldiers were gotten towards the finish of 1768 to assuage pressure. Unexpectedly, circumstances deteriorated and the soldiers were very unwelcomed by the pilgrim. The pilgrim felt as though rights were under the attentive gaze of the lord. In 1770 and bothered traditions official shot a multi year-old kid for tossing rocks at his home. In spite of the fact that the soldiers were not answerable for the shooting, they were generally enduring an onslaught for antagonistic vibe toward British force. After the boy’s burial service, brutality ejected outside Boston’s custom office, and after the contention, five settlers were dead. The news spread through the settlements as the Boson Massacre. To chill off the antagonistic vibe of the pilgrim, the Townshend obligations were before long deleted. Regardless of the way that the British were choosing to seek after less disputable strategies, homesteader could not, at this point uncovered the maltreatment of their privileges that Britain stomped all over. They were destined to be majority rule country and were burnt out on supporting a realm revolve around government. Each state joined together and opposed is damaging homeland, making the American Revolution. You can arrange a custom article, research paper, explore paper, proposition or thesis on American Revolution from our expert custom exposition composing administration which gives understudies top notch specially composed papers.

Clinical Supervision Reflection and Action Plan Essay

Clinical Supervision Reflection and Action Plan - Essay Example Different fields have additionally grasped the idea of clinical management with a variety of the equivalent however under an alternate name inside and out. This paper is going to concentrate on the different parts of clinical management. It will start with a short foundation of the idea. A meaning of the idea will be given to reasons for understanding what clinical oversight is about. It will at that point see what occurs in clinical oversight including the different stages included. It will at that point give an impression of the beneficial things that I experienced during clinical management before likewise taking a gander at the awful things in clinical oversight. The paper will at that point take a gander at a portion of the key issues in clinical management sketching out their significance and how to enhance them later on. This will at that point be trailed by a conversation of a portion of the difficulties that I confronted and the systems that I set up to beat them. The paper will finish up clarifying why clinical management is significant in nursing and the distinction that it makes in the whole calling. Clinical management There has been a longstanding suspicion in the clinical field that medical attendants and maternity specialists so far as that is concerned â€Å"learn on the Job† yet in evident sense there have been not very many systems that are set up to guarantee this viewpoint occurs (Bryant, 2010, p. 36 ). Clinical oversight is an angle that was presented path back in the mid 1990’s to depict an orderly structure for proficient improvement for medical attendants and maternity specialists. This idea was viewed as a methods for uniting the part of reflection, improvement, singular duty and responsibility inside a system that offers support and advances safe practices (Gordon, 2000, p. 27). The general goal of acquainting this idea is with have the option to advance safe practice and help in distinguishing the wilful awful practices that are exemplified medical caretakers at the working environment and how these can be dodged in future activities (Bryant, 2010, p. 37 ). The NMC saw the practices by medical attendants as individual duty and in this manner in 1993 they set forward a code that expressed â€Å"As an expert you are by and by responsible for activities and oversights in your training and should consistently have the option to legitimize your decisions.† This demonstrated the part of individual obligation and responsibility (NMC, 2008). The committee later on understood the significance of clinical management as being fundamental to responsible nursing practice and in this way embraced its selection in each part of nursing. Anyway the usage of this viewpoint was basically left to the professionals in the individualized or neighborhood circumstances (Jeremy and Suresh, 2007, p. 412). The gathering despite everything underpins the part of clinical oversight yet accepts that it is better evolved at nearby levels in accordance with the neighborhood needs of the populace (Bryant, 2010, p. 39 ). Clinical management is consequently portrayed as †Å"regular ensured time for encouraged, inside and out reflection on clinical practice planned to empower the supervisee to accomplish, continue and inventively build up a high caliber of training through the methods for centered help and development.† (NCNM, 2008, p. 2) Brunero and Stein-Parbury (2008, p. 87) characterize clinical management as â€Å" a procedure of expert help and learning wherein medical caretakers are helped with building up their training through customary conversation time with experienced and educated colleagues.† It is clear from this that the rule of conversation is utilized in clinical oversight. Conversation or reflection is utilized to help the nurse’s make sense of what occurred in a given circumstance and what

TMI WRT MIT TLAs

TMI WRT MIT TLA’s This was a great day. Take my word for it. What, do you want me to prove it to you? Aww, here goes. Today I ate a grape lollipop that SaveTFP (an ETLA) was handing out in Lobby 7 and I wondered about the rate of grape flavor diffusion into my mouth. Specifically, I wondered how I could best agitate my mouth (using my tongue as an approximate Rushton impeller to dissolve the aromatic flavor compounds in my saliva, assumed to be a Newtonian fluid). I was in the middle of calculating the kLa when I grew impatient and consumed the rest of the lollipop in two swift chomps. Freedom is the best sauce. Then I got the best comment on the 10.213 test I got back today. Sam, please write neater. Its hard to read your hand writing and we want to give you all the points you deserve. Ive gotten a lot of similar comments on my hand writing ever since first grade, but this is by far the most polite and complimentary. Its nice to see the TAs showing me a little TLC. After work, I went over to W20 because LSC, a undergraduate organization that shows second-run movies in stereo for $3 in 26-100, had invited the MIT Marching Band (MMB?) over to play their traditional fanfare before the coming attractions. After rehearsing for about an hour, we went over, stood up in front of the crowd, and played our triumphant eight measures with tremendous gusto but no sousaphone (where were you, Jeff?). As an added perk, the nine of us got the opporunity to see War of the Worlds for freea premium discount on the already low, low price of admission. Well, that sits well with me, if not perhaps the IRS. Sadly, I didnt get to watch a bunch of people send out an SOS or a pre-FUBAR Tom Cruise, because I had already made plans to go over to Nightmarket, an Asian-street-themed festival sponsored bystay with me hereAAA, ATS, and CSC, and also featuring KSA, JAM, VSA, and pretty much any other group of AZNs that managed to get ASA funding. There was no TKD, though. Nightmarket is fantastic. For two dollars, I got a bowl of green beans, a plate of spicy basil chicken, half a scallion pie, two potstickers, and a scoop each of green tea and red bean ice cream. I also got to see a great alternative band and a really, really terrible Nirvana cover band that would have really made me LOL if they werent so sad. I wasnt really paying attention to them, though, because I was busy playing DDR with Javier 08. Earlier in the night, Javier had taken some pictures of Gloria 08 and her performance in Dance Revelasian, which probably never abbreviates itself DRA, but Ill do so anyway just to keep with the theme of the entry. Heres Gloria. I must say, this picture can only capture, at most, one ten-thousandth of the grace that Gloria exhibited during her performances tonight. Her ribbon and fan-twirling seemed nearly effortless, especially given the unseasonable warmth of the evening. Also, there were game booths where you could try your luck for the chance at winning a fortune cookie. Certain fortune cookies were stuffed with redemption slips for fabulous prizes. My suitemate Gabe 08, by playing basketball continuously for 30 minutes won over a dozen stuffed animals, two $25 gift certificates to different restaurants, and $200 worth of hair color and perm gift certificates to the Unique 8 Salon. I just got a fortune that said IHFTP (an FLA?). Therefore this was a great day. QED.

Mrs. Dalloway The Self-characterization and Introspection of Virginia Woolf - Literature Essay Samples

It is neither unique nor uncommon for great authors to weave themselves into the fabric of their own works; it is a technique that adds realism and believability to otherwise complex fictional characters. D. H. Lawrences Sons and Lovers and James Joyces Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are examples of this occurrence in which the main character is a literarily-conscious version of the author himself. Oftentimes authors will imbue their characters with aspects of their own personalities because such familiar characteristics offer depth and insight to a figures development. However, it is distinctly less common for an author to create a complete portrait of herself spread among several characters, rather than taking on the role of a single central figure. In Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf accomplishes such a feat by separating her own personality among the two characters Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith. These counterparts serve to illustrate the devastating polar e xtremes caused by Woolfs manic depression, yet still remain faithful to the less than 24-hour timeframe of the story. The character of Mrs. Dalloway was not new at the time that she wrote the novel. Both Clarissa and her husband Richard had been introduced in The Voyage Out, published after Woolfs third mental breakdown, and about the same time as the declaration of World War I (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 2 Bloom par. 9). Rather than the sympathetic, deeper and developed characters portrayed in her later novel, the Dalloways were characterized as a pretentious and overbearing husband and his submissive, superficial wife, originally modeled by Woolfs socialite friend Kitty Maxse. However, after the war ended, Woolf published a series of short stories which explored Clarissas character, like Mrs. Dalloway in Bond Street, molding her into a more introspective woman with hints of hidden depressed tendencies (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 2-3). Thus, it appears that Woolf s own mental instability and the end of the war played key roles in the development of Mrs. Dalloways character and Woolfs decision to take her on as part of her own persona. From the very first page, we are thrown into the action of the day Clarissa stating she will buy flowers and fretting over her party. Both actions are seemingly superficial, but with the first sound of the morning, the unhinging of a door, she is drawn almost reclusively into memory of happy times in her youth (Woolf 3). This behavior is repeated throughout the novel; over the course of 24 hours, she can focus on little but her party, despite being frequently and severely interrupted by her own minds recollections and her reflections on them. While it may seem that this behavior is merely normal focus over the day long period, Clarissas intense concentration is a behavior known as hypomania, one of the manic extremes of bipolar disorder, and one that Clarissa and Woolf share (Purse, par. 5-6). Woolf hers elf was known to work on literature for unremitting day-long periods (Ingram par. 16). These hypomanic episodes are often accompanied by feelings of extra creativity and innovation, confidence, and the ability to shirk off major and minor problems that would otherwise be crippling during depressive periods (Purse, par. 5-6). While Woolf used her hypomanic periods to write, Clarissa uses hers to plan for the evenings events. We see her carefully and deliberately arrange the world around her for the festivities. After a moment of feeling rejected over her lack of an invitation to Lady Brutons luncheon, she isolates herself and then decides to mend her dress, an indirect instance of creativity employed to cope with a feeling that might otherwise lead to a devastating episode (Woolf 29-30). Nevertheless, depressive tendencies are never completely absent during these periods, and sufferers may still experience feelings of helplessness, regret, and uninhibited behavior, all of which C larissa displays (Purse, par. 5-6). We learn that she no longer takes pleasure in the things she once enjoyed. She is also profoundly lacking in the confidence of her own education, yet she is much more capable than she believes: How she had got through life on the few twigs of knowledge FrÃÆ'Â ¤ulein Daniels gave them she could not think. She knew nothing; no language, no history; she scarcely read a book now, except memoirs in bed (Woolf 8). Similarly, Woolf was an extremely bright child who benefited from her distinguished fathers library, but she herself was denied the education provided to her brothers (Cameron, About Virginia Woolf par. 1). We begin to see more depth in the feelings that Clarissa experiences after she isolates herself from the world in the tower of her remote bedroom (Woolf 31). We learn that the relationship between her and her husband is not one of passion or physical romance, much like the reported relationship between Virginia Woolf and her husband. There is certainly love and cooperation, but not a passionate romance. Clarissa is ill and sleeps alone, but has no cold feelings toward him. She sometimes feels distanced by his conservative politics and social status, but there is nevertheless a type of partnership. Moreover, her need to temporarily rest that afternoon is partially due to a heart condition, which was, according to Woolfs diaries, one shared by the author who suffered from palpitations and migraines, among other maladies (Ingram par. 8). In her room, Clarissa instead recalls a time in her past when her childhood friend Sally Seton kissed her, and it was the first (and possibly only) moment of passionate physical contact for Clarissa. She thinks back, The strange thing, on looking back, was the purity, the integrity, of her feeling for Sally. It was not like ones feeling for a man (Woolf 34) and Sally stopped; picked a flower; kissed her on the lips. The whole world might have turned upside down! (Woolf 35) T his is clearly a parallel between the protagonist and Woolf, who may have had romantic relationships with Madge Vaughan (on whom Sally is based) and later her publisher Vita Sackville-West (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 3 Bloom par. 17). Clarissa is drawn to the brash and free-spirited Sally, and given that Clarissa and Virginia both grew up in Victorian England, such a relationship was taboo, and thus may be (within that social context) categorized as impulsive, manic-depressive behavior (Purse par. 7). But Clarissa offers only partial insight sum psyche of the author. She is offset by Septimus Warren Smith, who also undergoes dramatic changes in the post-war era. Septimus, like Woolf, held great appreciation for literary works. Prior to the war he was a scholar of Shakespeare and other classics (as we find through his and Rezias memories), and represents the intellectual side of the author before being destroyed by mental illness (Woolf 85). When he goes to war, however, he is faced with the death of his dear friend, Evans, and believes he simply does not feel the pain of the loss. In reality, he has lost his ability to feel anything, and begins his decent into madness. Similarly, the death of Julia Stephen marked Woolfs first mental breakdown, followed by another breakdown and suicide attempt (by jumping out a window) after the death of her father (Bloom par. 2 5). Though Septimus only makes a few appearances in the book, his role is crucial to filling in the darker depressive and insane spaces of Woolfs personality that are not covered by the hypomanic and functional side portrayed by Clarissa Dalloway. The first thoughts of his wife Rezia are that of a deeply saddened and overwhelmingly frustrated and embarrassed woman whose husband has been taken away by madness. She steps away from her delusional husband who is babbling to the dead Evans, and becomes bitter. Lucrezia Warren Smith was saying to herself, Its wicked; why should I suffer? s he was asking, as she walked down the broad path. No; I cant stand it any longer, she was saying, having left Septimus, who wasnt Septimus any longer, to say hard, cruel, wicked things, to talk to himself, to talk to a dead man, on the seat over there (Woolf 65). The feelings projected on Rezia are most likely the same feelings that Woolf believed her husband may have experienced when she suffered a breakdown (characterized too, by depression, delusions and hearing voices) shortly after their marriage (Bloom par. 9). Much of the Warren Smith marriage in fact parallels that of Woolf and her husband, beginning with both Septimus and Woolf marrying out of a need for stability during wartime. Clearly the war played a central role in both marriages: Septimus married an Italian woman (not his love) in order to restore normalcy to his life, whereas Woolf and her husband married shortly before the war, but were deeply affected by it and later swore a suicide pact prior to WWII that they w ould both kill themselves if the Nazis invaded England (Cameron, About Virginia Woolf par. 6). Like Septimus, Woolf also suffered from disturbing mental neuroses, none of which were properly diagnosed by any doctors (Ingram par. 8). In the novel, the doctors tell Rezia that there is no diagnosis for his behavior that he simply needs to be kept busy. Faithfully, Rezia does just that by taking him for walks, and trying to keep his mind and body occupied despite her desperate desire to get out of the marriage. Like Rezia, Woolfs husband tried to deal with his wifes madness in the same way her doctors recommended, and in 1917, they purchased a second-hand printing press and started the Hogarth Press (Bloom par. 10). Like her literary counterparts though, the press only temporarily offered relief, and generally fostered manic episodes of mental occupation followed by intense depressive swings, much like Septimuss final episode prior to his death. It is this final episode that begi ns to draw Clarissa and Septimus together. In an instant of clarity, Septimus becomes functional. Like the more characteristic behavior of Clarissa, he displays joyful, creative abilities: For the first time for days he was speaking as he used to do! He took it out of her hands. He said it was an organ grinders monkeys hat. How it rejoiced her that! Not for weeks had they laughed like this together, poking fun privately like married people (Woolf 143). Such an episode is described as the old, normal self for Septimus, though shortly thereafter he jumps out a window to his death. Even though he did not want to die, his normal or functional period was obviously followed by a state of decreased inhibition. Thus, this episode may be another manifestation of the manic state, denoted by temporary clarity and elation, shared by the author (Purse, par. 7). What is particularly important to both Septimuss and Clarissas characters is that Woolf had originally planned to have Clarissa co mmit suicide in the end, but decided instead to create another character, Septimus Warren Smith to take the fall instead (Cameron, About Mrs. Dalloway par. 4). This splitting is significant because it serves to allow the story to believably take place over the course of 24 hours, as well as give Woolf an opportunity to have the central character reflect upon the death and learn from it, rather than simply experience it. Septimus realizes there is no escape from madness; the doctors cannot help him, and all that is left is a future of personal torture and agonizing pain for his beloved caretaker, his wife. He pauses at the windowsill, But he would wait until the very last moment. He did not want to die. Life was good (Woolf 149). Thus Septimuss end is not meant to be seen as a release, but as the only unfortunate solution to incurable madness. When Woolf herself finally ended her life, she wrote in her suicide note:I feel certain that I am going mad again: I feel we cant go thro ugh another of those terrible times. And I shant recover this time. I begin to hear voices, and cant concentrate. So I am doing what seems the best thing to do. You have given me the greatest possible happiness I cant fight it any longer, I know that I am spoiling your life, that without me you could work (Grohol par. 4).For Clarissa, the final pages of the story allow her to realize the importance of her parties through the loss of life. Her parties are not superficial socialite activities, but something much deeper, something the author herself wishes to have: togetherness. Even in his most deranged states, Septimus cries out for communion and companionship: Communication is health; communication is happiness, communication he muttered (Woolf 93). Woolf wrote in her diaries that insanity was complete and total isolation (Grohol par. 2), and isolation, according to her essay Death of a Moth, was death. Consequently, Clarissas parties represent the bringing together of lives, th us creating life through togetherness and combating the isolation of insanity. In one sense, Woolf departs from both Septimus and Clarissa at this point, because the period between when Septimus commits suicide and when Clarissa realizes the importance of her social gatherings is a fork in the road for Woolf. One character lives and accepts the deeper hidden pain in her life, while the other ends it all because there is no alternative escape from the madness. Works CitedWoolf, Virginia S. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt, Inc., 1981What is Bipolar Disorder? About.com. 2005. About by Yahoo!. 23 April 2005 Peterson, Cameron. ClassicNotes: About Mrs. Dalloway GradeSaver.com. 4 July 2001. GradeSaver. 23 April 2005 .Bloom, Harold. Virginia Woolf Chronology VWW.com. 2005. Virginia Woolf Web. 23 April 2005Ingram, Malcom. Virginia Woolfs Psychiatric History Ourworld.com. March 2005. Malcom Ingrams Homepage. 23 April 2005Peterson, Cameron. About Virginia Woolf. GradeSaver.com. 4 July 2001. GradeSaver. 24 April 2005 .Grohol, John M. Virginia Woolf. Psychcentral.com. 2005. Psych Central. 24 April 2005